استراتژی برای تغییر باورهای ایده پردازی کارآفرینان؛ یک مرور نظام مند

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی

نویسندگان

1 گروه توسعه کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jed.2023.365581.654269

چکیده

هدف: راهبردهای اصلاح باورهای ایدۀ کارآفرینی: مرور نظام­مند موضوعی باورها به اعمال، به­ویژه در حوزۀ پویای کارآفرینی شکل می­دهند. این تحقیق به­ شکل انتقادی، سفر تحوّل­آفرین باورها را از محدود کردن به توانمندسازی که برای پرورش و تقویت روحیۀ کارآفرینی ضروری است، ارزیابی می کند و از طریق روش­شناسی دقیق، استراتژی­های چند وجهی محوری برای تنظیم مجدد باورها را آشکار می­سازد. مرکز تحقیق، یادگیری شبکه­ای است. مطالعات قبلی اهمیّت  آن را در بزرگ‌نمایی تعاملات اجتماعی و انتشار اطلاعات نشان داده‌اند، در نتیجه بر باورها و درک افراد از ویژگی‌های شخصیتی درونی و جنبه‌های هویتی تأثیر می‌گذارند. کارآفرینان، زمانی که توسط اعضای شبکه، مربیان، مشاوران و مربیان حمایت می‌شوند، در آب‌های تیرۀ خودیابی حرکت می‌کنند، باورهای محدودکنندۀ خود را شناسایی  و سفرهای دگرگون­ساز را آغاز می­کنند.
روش: روش‌شناسی دقیق این مطالعه، ریشه در رویکرد تحلیل موضوعی دارد که از یک سری مراحل سیستماتیک پیروی می‌کند. با شروع بررسی دقیق مقالات منتخب، این فرایند تمرکز خود را به ایجاد کدهای نخستین گذاشت، متعاقبا شناسایی و ادغام مضامین مشابه، و در نام‌گذاری این موضوعات و تهیهّ گزارش‌های تلفیقی به اوج خود رساند. نرم افزار تجزیه و تحلیل، نرم افزار MaxQD می‌باشد که در استخراج و ترسیم جریان تحقیق مؤثّر بوده است. هم‌افزایی مراحل ذکر شده، همراه با بینش‌های حاصل از تحقیقات قبلی، مطالعه را به سمت پاسخگویی به پرسش‌های تحقیق هدایت کرد. بخش مهمی از روش‌شناسی ریشه در انتخاب مقالات پژوهشی داشت. یک جستجوی عمیق در دو پایگاه داده برتر، Scopus و Web of Science که به دلیل پوشش گستردۀ تحقیقات منتشر شده شناخته شده بودند، انجام شد. این جستجو بر روی مقالات انگلیسی در رشته های مدیریت، روانشناسی و کارآفرینی متمرکز بود. برای دستیابی به ویژگی تعداد بی‌شماری از اصطلاحات، از جمله: «باور کارآفرینی»، «مدل ذهنی»، «طرح‌واره»، «باور اصلی» و «باور میانی» در عناوین، چکیده‌ها و کلیدواژه‌های مقالات استفاده شد. این جستجو 260 مقاله به‌دست آورد که پس از بررسی دو مرحله‌ای، مورد مطالعه قرارگرفتند. بررسی نخست، بر اساس عناوین و چکیده‌ها، مجموعه را به 164 مقاله محدود کرد. بررسی‌های عمیقتر ، به‌ویژه یافته‌ها و خروجی‌های آن‌ها، منجر به انتخاب نهایی ۴۰ مقاله گردید که مرتبط‌ترین مقاله با موضوع تحقیق بود. دامنۀ مقالات منتخب از 2000 تا 2023 متغیّر بود. جالب توجّه است که نسبت قابل توجّهی در مجلات معتبری مانند JBV، ET&P و Academy of Management منتشر شد.
یافته‌ها: این مقالات پس از بررسی دقیق، برای استخراج و تثبیت بینش‌هایی دربارۀ سفر تحوّل‌آفرین باورها در کارآفرینی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. خودتنظیمی به عنوان محوری در فرایند تغییر باور ظاهر شد و بر ارزش پرورش ذهنیت رشد تأکید داشت. شرکت‌کنندگان در مواجهه با سناریوهای محدودکننده که به آموزش هدفمند دربارۀ خودتنظیمی نسبت داده می‌شود، تلاش و انعطاف‌پذیری بیشتری نشان دادند. مکانیسم‌های بازتابی مانند مجلات، این سفر درون‌نگر را تقویت کردند. علاوه بر این، نقش خودکارآمدی غیرقابل انکار بود. قضاوت دربارۀ سطوح خودکارآمدی به طور قابل ملاحظه ای بر پایداری و تلاش شرکت کنندگان در سختی‌ها تأثیر گذاشت که با تعامل با کارآفرینان باتجربه تقویت شد. جنبۀ روانشناختی ناهماهنگی شناختی بیش از حد فضای آن را ایجاد کرد و افراد را در مواجهه با باورهای متضاد به سمت درون‌نگری سوق داد.
نتیجه: تنظیم مجدد باورها در کارآفرینی نیازمند رویکرد یکپارچه است. این تحقیق از طریق تحلیل موضوعی جامع و بررسی ادبیات موجود، راهبردهای حیاتی را برای دگرگونی باورها مورد تأکید قرار می دهد. یافته‌ها نه تنها بر تأثیر متقابل ظریف بین باورها و اقدامّا ت کارآفرینانه تأکید می‌کند، بلکه نقشه‌ای را برای دانشگاهیان و متخصصان ارائه می‌دهد و بر یک سیستم اعتقادی تأکید می‌کند که به طور هم‌زمان درون‌نگر و سازگار با چشم‌انداز کارآفرینی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Strategies for Modifying Entrepreneurial Ideation Beliefs: A Thematic Systematic Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tahmineh Ehsanifar 1
  • Ghanbar Mohammedi Elyasi 1
  • Elaheh Hejazi 2
  • Ehsan Chitsaz 1
1 Department of Entrepreneurship Development, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: Beliefs shape actions, especially in the dynamic realm of entrepreneurship. This research critically assesses the transformative journey of beliefs, from limiting to empowering, essential for fostering and strengthening an entrepreneurial spirit. Through meticulous methodology, it unveils the multifaceted strategies pivotal for recalibrating beliefs. Central to the research is network learning. Previous studies have highlighted its importance in magnifying social interactions and information dissemination, thereby influencing an individual's beliefs and understanding of their intrinsic personality traits and identity facets. Entrepreneurs, when supported by network members, mentors, consultants, and coaches, navigate through the murky waters of self-discovery, identifying their limiting beliefs and embarking on transformative journeys.
Methods: The rigorous methodology of this study is rooted in a thematic analysis approach, following a series of systematic steps. Commencing with a meticulous review of selected articles, the process then shifted focus to creating primary codes, subsequently identifying and merging similar themes, and culminating in the naming of these themes and preparation of consolidated reports. The software for analysing is MaxQD software, which was instrumental in extracting and mapping the research flow. The synergy of the outlined steps, along with insights from previous research, steered the study to address the research questions. A significant part of the methodology was rooted in the selection of relevant research articles. A deep-dive search was executed in two premier databases, Scopus and Web of Science, recognized for their extensive coverage of published research. The search focused on articles in English in the disciplines of management, psychology, and entrepreneurship. To achieve specificity, a myriad of terminologies, including 'entrepreneurial belief', 'mental model', 'schema', 'core belief', and 'intermediate belief', were harnessed in the titles, abstracts, and keywords of articles. The search yielded 260 articles, which were then subjected to two-stage scrutiny. The initial scrutiny, based on titles and abstracts, narrowed the pool to 164 articles. Further in-depth reviews, particularly of their findings and outputs, led to the final selection of 40 articles, deemed most relevant to the research topic. The span of the selected articles ranged from 2000 to 2023. Interestingly, a significant proportion were published in reputable journals such as JBV, ET&P, and the Academy of Management.
Findings: These articles, after rigorous review, were used to extract and consolidate insights on the transformative journey of beliefs in entrepreneurship. Self-regulation emerged as a linchpin in the belief transformation process, emphasizing the value of fostering a growth mindset. Participants showcased enhanced effort and resilience when faced with restrictive scenarios, attributable to targeted training on self-regulation. Reflective mechanisms like journals amplified this introspective journey. Moreover, self-efficacy's role was undeniable. Judgments on self-efficacy levels substantially influenced participants' persistence and effort in adversities, bolstered by interactions with seasoned entrepreneurs. The psychological facet of cognitive dissonance too carved its space, driving individuals towards introspection when confronted with conflicting beliefs.
 Conclusion: recalibrating beliefs in entrepreneurship necessitates an integrative approach. This research, through a comprehensive thematic analysis and review of existing literature, accentuates the crucial strategies for belief transformation. The findings not only underscore the nuanced interplay between beliefs and entrepreneurial actions but also present a roadmap for academics and practitioners, emphasizing a belief system that's simultaneously introspective and adaptive to the entrepreneurial landscape.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial beliefs
  • self-efficacy
  • network learning
  • self-regulated
  • systematic review

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