ارائۀ مدل بلوغ شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان صنایع غذایی با رویکرد صنعت نسل چهارم با فراترکیب و تحلیل اثرهای متقابل

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی آمیخته

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت عملیات و علوم تصمیم، دانشکده مدیریت صنعتی و فناوری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت تکنولوژی و نوآوری، دانشکده مدیریت صنعتی و فناوری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

4 گروه مدیریت صنعتی، پردیس کیش دانشگاه تهران، کیش، ایران

10.22059/jed.2024.99698

چکیده

هدف: صنعت مواد غذایی یکی از صنایع کلیدی برای سلامت و رفاه جامعه است. هدف این پژوهش، ارائۀ مدل عوامل مؤثر بر بلوغ سازمانی در شرکت‌های دانش بنیان صنعت مواد غذایی در ایران با رویکرد صنعت نسل چهارم است. پژوهش از دو بخش کیفی و کمّی تشکیل شده است که در بخش اول، عوامل اصلی و فرعی مدل از روش فراترکیب بدست آمد. در بخش دوم هم روابط بین عوامل اصلی از روش تحلیل اثرهای متقابل تعیین شد.
روش: این پژوهش از نظر جهت‌گیری، کاربردی بوده و از نظر روش‌شناسی، یک مطالعه آمیخته است. همچنین پژوهش از نظر مبانی فلسفی، یک مطالعه پراگماتیستی (عمل‌گرایانه) بوده و از منظر هدف، یک پژوهش اکتشافی است. جامعه نظری پژوهش، خبرگان صنعت مواد غذایی بوده و نمونه‌گیری به‌طور عمده به صورت قضاوتی و هدفمند انجام شد. در روش نمونه‌گیری قضاوتی، انتخاب موارد و نمونه‌ها بر اساس تخصص خبرگان صورت می‌گیرد.. در این پژوهش از روش فراترکیب برای استخراج عوامل و از روش تحلیل تأثیر متقابل برای تعیین روابط بین عوامل اصلی به‌کارگیری شد. اعتبارسنجی مقاله‌ها توسط ابزار CASP انجام شد. مقاله‌های به‌دست آمده به صورت گام به گام غربال شدند تا کیفی‌ترین مقاله‌ها برای مطالعه مشخص گردند. برای اخذ نظر خبرگان در مورد روابط بین عوامل پژوهش، از پرسشنامه‌های سنجش اثر به‌کارگیری شد. از خبرگان در خواست شد تا نظرات خود را در طیف چهارتایی از صفر تا 3 بیان کنند. همچنین برای سنجش روایی بخش فراترکیب، از ضریب محتوایی لاوشه و برای اندازه‌گیری پایایی کدگذاری‌ها، از ضریب کاپا استفاده شد. مقادیر روایی و پایایی در این پژوهش، مناسب بود.
یافته‌ها: این پژوهش در دو گام انجام شد. در گام اول، عوامل مؤثر بر بلوغ سازمانی با روش مرور نظام‌مند پیشینه و روش فراترکیب استخراج شدند. خروجی، 6 عامل اصلی و 27 عامل فرعی بود. عوامل اصلی مؤثر بر بلوغ سازمانی عبارت بودند از: عوامل ساختاری، آموزش و یادگیری، عوامل فناورانه، عوامل مربوط به ماهیت حکمرانی، عوامل مربوط به نوآوری و عوامل مربوط به تصمیم‌گیری. در ادامه این عوامل با رویکرد تحلیل ساختاری تأثیر متقابل، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتیجه‌های این روش نشان داد که عوامل تصمیم‌گیری، ساختاری و حکمرانی متغیرهای اثرگذار هستند. همچنین عوامل فناورانه و نوآورانه به عنوان متغیرهای اثرپذیر ارزیابی شدند.
نتیجه: پیشنهادهای کاربردی پژوهش بر اساس عوامل اثرگذار توسعه یافت. برخی پیشنهادها عبارت بودند از: به‌کارگیری فناوری‌های داده‌محور همچون هوش کسب‌وکار و کلان‌داده‌ها برای تقویت تصمیم‌گیری داده‌محور، توجه به سازگاری و همسازی فناوری‌ها و سیستم‌های اطلاعاتی در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان صنعت مواد غذایی و به‌کارگیری از فناوری‌هایی مانند زنجیره بلوک برای اصلاح حکمرانی و بهبود شفافیت شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان صنعت مواد غذایی. با به‌کارگیری فناوری‌هایی مانند کلان‌داده‌ها می‌توان حجم زیادی از داده‌ها را گردآوری و تحلیل نموده و بر اساس آن ریسک‌ها و تهدیدهای بسیاری را شناسایی و مدیریت کرد. از هوش کسب‌و‌کار می‌توان برای طبقه‌بندی و پیش‌بینی متغیرهای کلیدی استفاده کرد. زنجیرۀ بلوک ‌هم یک فناوری کلیدی برای تقویت شفافیت و توسعه قراردادهای هوشمند است. این نکته را نباید فراموش کرد که فناوری‌های نسل چهارم به‌طور عمده یکپارچه و سیستمی هستند، به همین خاطر قبل از ورود فناوری جدید باید به انطباق سیستمی توجه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Presenting the Maturity Model of Knowledge-based Companies in the Food Industry with the Approach of the Fourth-Generation Industry with Meta-Synthesis and Cross Impact Analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mohaghar 1
  • Fatemeh Saghafi 2
  • Mohammad Hasan Maleki 3
  • Daryamehr Keshani 4
1 Department of Operations Management and Decision Sciences, Faculty of Industrial and Technology Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Technology and Innovation Management, Faculty of Industrial and Technology Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
4 Department of Industrial Management, Kish Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: The food industry is one of the vital industries for the health and well-being of society. The aim of the current research is to provide a model of factors affecting organizational maturity in knowledge-based companies of the food industry in Iran with the approach of the fourth-generation industry. The research consists of two qualitative and quantitative parts, in the first part, the main and secondary factors of the model were obtained through metacomposition. In the second part, the relationships between the main factors were determined through cross impact analysis.

Method: The current research is applied in terms of orientation and is a mixed study in terms of methodology. Also, the current research is a pragmatic study in terms of philosophical foundations and exploratory research in terms of the goal. The theoretical population of the research is the experts of the food industry and the sampling was mainly done in a judgmental and purposeful way. In the judgmental sampling method, cases and samples are selected based on the expertise of experts. In this research, the meta-synthesis method was used to extract factors and the cross-impact analysis was used to determine the relationships between the main factors. Validation of articles was done by CASP tool. The extracted articles were screened step by step to identify the most qualitative articles for study.
In this research, meta-synthesis method was used to extract factors and cross impact analysis technique was used to determine the relationships between the main factors. In order to get experts' opinions about the relationships between the research factors, influence evaluation questionnaires were used. The experts were asked to express their opinions on a scale of 0 to 3. Also, to measure the validity of the meta-synthesis part, the Lawshe content coefficient was used, and the Kappa coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the codings. Validity and reliability values in this research were appropriate.

Findings: This research was done in two steps. In the first step, factors affecting organizational maturity were extracted using a systematic background review and meta-combination method. The output was 6 main factors and 27 secondary factors. The main factors affecting organizational maturity were: structural factors, training and learning, technological factors, factors related to the nature of governance, factors related to innovation, and factors related to decision-making. In the following, these factors were evaluated with the approach of structural analysis of cross impact analysis. The results of this technique showed that decision-making, structural and governance factors are effeinfluential variables. Also, technological and innovative factors were evaluated as impressionable variables.

Results: Practical suggestions of the research were developed based on the influencing factors. Some suggestions were: the use of data-driven technologies such as business intelligence and big data to strengthen data-driven decision-making, paying attention to the compatibility and integration of technologies and information systems in knowledge-based companies in the food industry, and the use of technologies such as blockchain to improve governance and improve the transparency of knowledge-based companies in the food industry. By using technologies such as big data, a large amount of data can be collected and analyzed, and based on that, many risks and threats can be identified and managed. Business intelligence can be used to classify and predict key variables. Blockchain is also a key technology to enhance transparency and develop smart contracts. It should not be forgotten that the fourth-generation technologies are mainly integrated and systemic, so before the introduction of new technology, attention should be paid to system adaptation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organizational maturity
  • Knowledge-based companies
  • Food industry
  • Fourth generation industry
  • Structural analysis

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