نقش میانجی گرایش کارآفرینانه فردی در رابطه بین آموزش کارآفرینی و قصد کارآفرینانه دانشجویان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی - کمی

نویسندگان

1 گروه سازمانی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه کسب وکار، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

 هدف: هدف اصلی‌ این پژوهش بررسی‌ تاثیر آموزش کارآفرینی ‌بر قصد کارآفرینانه دانشجویان با توجه به نقش میانجی‌ گرایش‌کارآفرینانه فردی ‌می‌باشد.
 
روش: این تحقیق در قالب یک پژوهش‌کمّی، با‌هدف کاربردی‌ و ازطریق جمع آوری‌پرسشنامه حسب پژوهشهای ‌پیشین به‌صورت محقق ساخته و آنلاین در نیمه دوم سال 1400 انجام شده است. تعداد 143 پرسشنامه از بین دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران که آموزشهای‌کارآفرینی‌ را دیده بودند، برای ‌تجزیه و تحلیل انتخاب شد که این میزان با توجه به تعداد نمونه لازم قابل قبول میباشد. برای ‌تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، از تحلیل رگرسیون و از روش حداقل مربعات جزئی‌در مدل‌سازی ‌معادلات ساختاری ‌استفاده شده است. برای‌سنجش پایایی ‌از‌هر دو آماره آلفای‌کرونباخ و پایایی ‌ترکیبی ‌استفاده شده است. برای‌ سنجش روایی ‌نیز از سازه‌های ‌روایـی‌همگرا و روایی‌واگرا استفاده شده است.
 
یافته‌ها: نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد ابعاد گرایش کارآفرینانه فردی ‌به‌غیر از نوآوری، رابطه میانجی‌گری‌بین آموزش کارآفرینی ‌و ایجاد قصدکارآفرینانه دارند. از این رو تمرکز بیش از اندازه بر ‌نوآوری ‌در آموزش‌های‌کارآفرینی‌می‌بایست مورد تجدید نظر قرار بگیرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: دستاورد مشخص این پژوهش بررسی‌ابعاد سه‌گانه گرایش کارآفرینانه فردی ‌به‌صورت مجزا است که در ادبیات پژوهشی‌این بررسی‌تحت عنوان تک عامله شناخته می‌شود. بر اساس پژوهشهای‌ تک عامله، ابعاد یک متغیر (در اینجا گرایش کارآفرینانه فردی) و رابطه آن با سایر متغیرها سنجیده می‌شود. از این رو در خصوص تاثیر میانجی‌گر گرایش کارآفرینانه فردی، این پژوهش دستاوردهای‌جدیدی ‌را ارائه داده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Examination of the Mediating Role of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Relation Between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Mohammadi 1
  • GHOLAM HOSSEIN HOSSEININIA 2
  • Maziar Dastani Mobarakeh 2
1 Lecturer in Department of Corporate Entrepreneurship- Faculty of Entrepreneurship- University of Tehran
2 Department of new business, Faculty of Entrepreneurship , University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Objective: The main objective of this research is to examine the impact of entrepreneurship education on students' entrepreneurial intention, considering the mediating role of individual entrepreneurial orientation.
Methods:This research, conducted in the form of applied quantitative study, involved the creation of a questionnaire based on previous research. It was conducted online in the second half of the year 2021. A total of 143 questionnaires were selected for analysis from among the students of the University of Tehran who had received entrepreneurship education. This sample size was deemed acceptable based on the required sample size. Data analysis involved regression analysis and partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling. Both Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used to assess reliability. Convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated using convergent and discriminant validity constructs.
Findings: The results of this study indicate that dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation, apart from innovativeness, mediate the relationship between entrepreneurship education and the formation of entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, an excessive focus on innovation in entrepreneurship education should be reconsidered.
Conclusion: The specific achievement of this study is the examination of the three dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation separately, which is known in research literature as a unidimensional study. Based on unidimensional research, the dimensions of a single variable (in this case, individual entrepreneurial orientation) and its relationship with other variables are measured. Therefore, in terms of the mediating effect of individual entrepreneurial orientation, this research has provided new insights.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurship Education
  • Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation
  • Entrepreneurial Intention
  • Innovativeness
  • Proactiveness
  • Risk Taking

مراجع

Acs, Z. J., Desai, S., & Hessels, J. (2008). Entrepreneurship, economic development and institutions. Small Business Economics, 31(3), 219-234.
Aliedan, M. M., Elshaer, I. A., Alyahya, M. A., & Sobaih, A. E. E. (2022). Influences of university education support on entrepreneurship orientation and entrepreneurship intention: application of theory of planned behavior. Sustainability, 14(20), 1-18.
Banha, F., Coelho, L. S., & Flores, A. (2022). Entrepreneurship education: a systematic literature review and identification of an existing gap in the field. Education Sciences, 12(5), 336. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12050336
Bell, R. (2019). Predicting entrepreneurial intention across the university. Education+ Training, 61(7/8), 815-831.
Bellotti, F., Berta, R., De Gloria, A., Lavagnino, E., Antonaci, A., Dagnino, F., Ott, M., Romero, M., Usart, M & Mayer, I. S. (2014). Serious games and the development of an entrepreneurial mindset in higher education engineering students. Entertainment Computing, 5(4), 357-366.
Bolton, D., & Lane, M. (2012). Individual entrepreneurial orientation: Development of a measurement instrument. Education+ Training, 54(2/3), 219-233.
Cao, J. (2021, November). The application of big data technology in the assessment model of college student’s entrepreneurial intention. In 2021 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Education (ICISE-IE) (pp. 398-402). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISE-IE53922.2021.00099
Cera, G., Mlouk, A., Cera, E., & Shumeli, A. (2020). The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention. A Quasi-Experimental Research Design. Journal of Competitiveness, 12(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2020.01.03
Clark, D. R., Pidduck, R. J., Lumpkin, G., & Covin, J. G. (2023). Is It Okay to Study Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) at the Individual Level? Yes!. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587231178885
Colombelli, A., Loccisano, S., Panelli, A., Pennisi, O. A. M., & Serraino, F. (2022). Entrepreneurship education: the effects of challenge-based learning on the entrepreneurial mindset of university students. Administrative Sciences, 12(1),10. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12010010
Covin, J. G., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2011). Entrepreneurial orientation theory and research: Reflections on a needed construct. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(5), 855-872.
Covin, J. G., & Miller, D. (2014). International entrepreneurial orientation: Conceptual considerations, research themes, measurement issues, and future research directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(1), 11-44.
Covin, J. G., Rigtering, J. C., Hughes, M., Kraus, S., Cheng, C.F., & Bouncken, R. B. (2020). Individual and team entrepreneurial orientation: Scale development and configurations for success. Journal of Business Research, 112, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.02.023
De Clercq, D., Honig, B., & Martin, B. (2013). The roles of learning orientation and passion for work in the formation of entrepreneurial intention. International Small Business Journal, 31(6), 652-676.
Dimov, D. (2007). From opportunity insight to opportunity intention: The importance of person–situation learning match. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(4), 561-583.
Duong, C. D. (2022). Exploring the link between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: the moderating role of educational fields. Education+ Training, 64(7), 869-891.
Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75-93.
Fayolle, A., & Liñán, F. (2014). The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 663-666.
Ferreira, F. A., Jalali, M. S., Bento, P., Marques, C. S., & Ferreira, J. J. (2017). Enhancing individual entrepreneurial orientation measurement using a metacognitive decision making-based framework. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13(2), 327-346.
Fischer, S., Rosilius, M., Schmitt, J., & Bräutigam, V. (2022). A brief review of our agile teaching formats in entrepreneurship education. Sustainability, 14(1), 251-251.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson new international edition.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24.
Hassan, A., Anwar, I., Saleem, I., Islam, K. B., & Hussain, S. A. (2021). Individual entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of entrepreneurial motivations. Industry and Higher Education, 35(4), 403-418.
Hassan, A., Saleem, I., Anwar, I., & Hussain, S. A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students: the role of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 62(7/8), 843-861. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2020-0033
Hmieleski, K. M., & Corbett, A. C. (2006). Proclivity for improvisation as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 44(1), 45-63.
Hoppe, M. (2016). Policy and entrepreneurship education. Small Business Economics, 46(1), 13-29.
Jena, R. K. (2020). Measuring the impact of business management Student's attitude towards entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention: A case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106275
Karimi, S., Chizari, M., Biemans, H. J., & Mulder, M. (2010). Entrepreneurship education in Iranian higher education: The current state and challenges. European Journal of Scientific Research, 48(1), 35-50.
Keat, Y. (2015). Perceived effective entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: The role of the perception of university support and perceived creativity disposition. Journal of Education and Vocational Research, 6(2), 70-79.
Koe, W. L. (2016). The relationship between Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) and entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 1(6), 1-11.
Koe, W. L. (2019). Individual entrepreneurial orientation and perceived employability among university graduates. In Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2016) Social Sciences (pp. 69-77). Springer Singapore.
Kraus, S., Breier, M., Jones, P., & Hughes, M. (2019). Individual entrepreneurial orientation and intrapreneurship in the public sector. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(4), 1247-1268.
Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432.
Krueger, N., & Sussan, F. (2017). Person-level entrepreneurial orientation: clues to the'entrepreneurial mindset'? International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 18(3), 382-395.
Krueger, N. F. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions are dead: Long live entrepreneurial intentions. In Revisiting the Entrepreneurial Mind (pp. 13-34). Springer.
Lee, S., Kang, M. J., & Kim, B. K. (2022). Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention: Focusing on individuals’ knowledge exploration and exploitation activities. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030165
Linan, F. (2008). Skill and value perceptions: how do they affect entrepreneurial intentions? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(3), 257-272.
Linan, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross–cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 33(3), 593-617.
Liñán, F., Rodríguez Cohard, J. C., & Rueda Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 195-218.
Lomberg, C., Urbig, D., Stöckmann, C., Marino, L. D., & Dickson, P. H. (2017). Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Dimensions’ Shared Effects in Explaining Firm Performance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(6), 973-998. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12237
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation. Wiley encyclopedia of management, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118785317.weom030030
Martínez-Gregorio, S., Badenes-Ribera, L., & Oliver, A. (2021). Effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship intention and related outcomes in educational contexts: A meta-analysis. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100545
Martins, I., Perez, J. P., & Novoa, S. (2022). Developing orientation to achieve entrepreneurial intention: A pretest-post-test analysis of entrepreneurship education programs. The International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100593.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100593
Pulka, B. M., Aminu, A. A., & Rikwentishe, R. (2015). the effects of entrepreneurship education on university students’ attitude and entrepreneurial intention. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(20), 149-157.
Rachmawan, A., Lizar, A. A., & Mangundjaya, W. L. (2015). The role of parent’s influence and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Developing Areas, 49(3), 417-430.
Rauch, A., & Hulsink, W. (2015). Putting entrepreneurship education where the intention to act lies: An investigation into the impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial behavior. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 14(2), 187-204.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 761-787.
Sansone, G., Battaglia, D., Landoni, P., & Paolucci, E. (2021). Academic spinoffs: the role of entrepreneurship education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(1), 369-399.
Santos, G., Marques, C. S., & Ferreira, J. (2020). Passion and perseverance as two new dimensions of an Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation scale. Journal of Business Research, 112(C), 190-199.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226.
Stouraitis, V., Harun, M. H. M., & Kyritsis, M. (2022). Exploring individual entrepreneurial orientation through education in emerging market conditions: the case of Malaysia and Thailand. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 45(4), 489-517.
Uddin, M., Chowdhury, R. A., Hoque, N., Ahmad, A., Mamun, A., & Uddin, M. N. (2022). Developing entrepreneurial intentions among business graduates of higher educational institutions through entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion: A moderated mediation model. The International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100647
Verheul, I., Wennekers, S., Audretsch, D., & Thurik, R. (2002). An Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship: Policies, Institutions and Culture. Springer.
Wales, W. J., Covin, J. G., & Monsen, E. (2020). Entrepreneurial orientation: The necessity of a multilevel conceptualization. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 14(4), 639-660.
Wales, W. J., Gupta, V. K., & Mousa, F.T. (2013). Empirical research on entrepreneurial orientation: An assessment and suggestions for future research. International Small Business Journal, 31(4), 357-383.
Walter, S. G., & Block, J. H. (2016). Outcomes of entrepreneurship education: An institutional perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(2), 216-233.
Wang, C., Mundorf, N., & Salzarulo-McGuigan, A. (2022). Entrepreneurship education enhances entrepreneurial creativity: The mediating role of entrepreneurial inspiration. The International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100570
Westhead, P., & Solesvik, M. Z. (2016). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: do female students benefit? International Small Business Journal, 34(8), 979-1003.
Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: a configurational approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1), 71-91.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار