شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر کارآفرینی مجدد کارآفرینان شکست خورده مبتنی بر روش فراترکیب

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

2 گروه سیاست‌‌گذاری علم و فناوری، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

3 گروه مدیریت و مهندسی کسب‌وکار، دانشکده مدیریت، اقتصاد و مهندسی پیشرفت، دانشگاه علم‌وصنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

 هدف: یکی از بحرانی‌ترین رویدادهایی که یک کارآفرین می‌تواند با آن مواجه شود شکست است یعنی تعطیلی یک کسب‌وکار که حداقل درآمد اقتصادی مورد انتظار را برآورده نمی‌کند. یادگیری از تجربه شکست کارآفرینی می‌تواند فرصت‌های ارزشمندی را برای تغییر فراهم نموده و کارآفرینان را برای ورود مجدد به این عرصه ترغیب نماید. کارآفرینان می‌توانند از تجربه شکست خود بیاموزند، توانایی خود را در شناسایی و استفاده از فرصت‌ها بهبود بخشند و در نتیجه عملکرد کارآفرینی مجدد خود را ارتقا دهند. تحقیقات در مورد عملکرد کارآفرینی عمدتاً بر کارآفرینی بار اول متمرکز است و به کارآفرینانی که تجارب کارآفرینی دارند و پس از شکست اقدام به راه‌اندازی کسب کاری جدید می‌کنند، توجه کمتری شده‌است. تحقیقات موجود در زمینه کارآفرینی ارزش تحقیقاتی سناریوهای شکست را نادیده می‌گیرند ولی به نظر می‌رسد که چگونگی تبدیل شکست به «منبع موفقیت» موضوع ارزشمندی است که پاسخ روشن به این سؤال برای تحریک و محافظت از اشتیاق کارآفرینان، بهبود احتمال موفقیت در کارآفرینی و ترویج کارآفرینی مستمر مفید است. این موضوع به‌صورت پراکنده مورد توجه محققان مختلف قرار گرفته اما تاکنون الگویی جامع برای دسته‌بندی این عوامل ارائه نشده است. هدف از این پژوهش شناسایی و دسته‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر کارآفرینی مجدد کارآفرینان شکست‌خورده با رویکردی کیفی است. لذا سؤال اصلی پژوهش حاضر این است که عوامل مؤثر بر کارآفرینی مجدد کارآفرینان شکست‌خورده چه مواردی هستند؟
روش: مقاله حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر نوع داده‌ها، کیفی است که با روش تحقیق کتابخانه‌ای با استفاده از داده‌های ثانویه با رویکرد فراترکیب و مبتنی بر مطالعه منابع اطلاعاتی و تفسیر داده‌های اصلی مطالعه‌های منتخب انجام شده است. برای انجام این پژوهش، با مبنا قرار دادن روش پیشنهادی ساندولوسکی برای فراترکیب، مطالعات مرتبط منتشر شده در پایگاه‌های معتبر علمی بین‌المللی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ارتباط و کیفیت مقالات شناسایی شده با معیارهای مختلف از جمله برنامه مهارت‌های ارزیابی حیاتی مورد سنجش قرار گرفته و در نهایت ۳۸ مقاله که بین سال‌های ۱۹۹۱ تا ۲۰۲۰ منتشر شده‌اند واجد شرایط تشخیص داده شده و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافته‌ها: تحلیل محتوای این مقالات نشان داد عوامل متعدد تأثیرگذار بر کارآفرینی مجدد را می‌توان در قالب الگویی شامل دو مقوله اصلی (سطح محیطی و سطح درونی) ارائه نمود. این عوامل در سطح محیطی در دسته‌های مرتبط با یادگیری محیطی، راهبرد و رهبری، سیاست‌ها و حمایت‌ها، سرمایه انسانی، فرهنگ، بازارها و تأمین مالی و در سطح درونی در دسته‌های مرتبط با یادگیری فردی و خودارزیابی، ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی (شخصیتی، انگیزشی و شناختی) و ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختی قرار می‌گیرند.
نتیجه‌گیری: ادبیات کنونی در حوزه شکست کارآفرینی تا حد زیادی با یافته‌های متناقض بی‌نتیجه باقی‌مانده است. این تناقضات لزوم تمرکز بر این حوزه برای انجام مطالعات بیشتر را نمایان می‌سازد. ادبیات موجود عمدتاً بر کاوش سوابق ورود مجدد کارآفرینی پس از شکست متمرکز است. بنابراین، درک ما در خصوص سایر جنبه‌های ورود مجدد کارآفرینی پس از شکست، مانند زمینه ورود مجدد و نتایج ورود مجدد، محدود می‌ماند. دانش بهتر در مورد سوابق، زمینه و نتایج ورود مجدد کارآفرینانه به‌طور بالقوه به کارآفرینان شکست‌خورده کمک می‌کند تا در رویکرد خود نسبت به تصمیم‌گیری برای ورود مجدد تغییرات چشمگیری ایجاد کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Meta-Synthesis on Determinants of Re-entrepreneurship by Failed Entrepreneurs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Mohseni kiasari 1
  • zohre nikrouy 2
  • Javad Mashayekh 3
1 Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
2 Department of Science and Technology Policy, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
3 Assistant professor, School of Management, Economics and Progress Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology
چکیده [English]

Objective: One of the most critical challenges that an entrepreneur may encounter is failure, resulting in the closure of a business that fails to meet the expected financial goals. Learning from the experience of entrepreneurial failure can offer valuable opportunities for change and motivate entrepreneurs to re-enter the industry. Entrepreneurs can learn from their failures, enhance their ability to recognize and pursue opportunities, and consequently improve their performance when re-entering entrepreneurship. Research on entrepreneurial performance has primarily focused on first-time entrepreneurship, with less attention given to entrepreneurs with prior entrepreneurial experience who start a new business after a setback. Existing research in the field of entrepreneurship overlooks the significance of investigating failure scenarios, but turning failure into a "springboard for success" is a valuable topic that can inspire and support the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs, increase the likelihood of success in entrepreneurship, and encourage ongoing entrepreneurial endeavors. This topic has received sporadic attention from various researchers, but a comprehensive framework for categorizing these factors has not yet been provided. The aim of this study is to identify and categorize the factors influencing the re-entrepreneurship of failed entrepreneurs using a qualitative approach. Therefore, the primary question of this research is: What are the determinants of re-entrepreneurship by failed entrepreneurs?
Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose, and utilizes a library research method that relies on secondary data. The approach to the study of primary data is comprehensive and interpretive. The Sandelowski's meta-synthesis method was employed to carry out this research, and relevant studies from reputable international scientific databases were reviewed. The quality of the identified articles was assessed using various criteria, including the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Ultimately, 38 articles published between 1991 and 2020 that met the criteria were identified and analyzed.
Findings: Content analysis of these articles revealed that the factors influencing re-entrepreneurship can be categorized into two main components: environmental and internal levels. At the environmental level, these factors include environmental learning, strategy and leadership, policies and support, human capital, culture, markets, and financing. At the internal level, they include individual learning and self-assessment, psychological characteristics (personality, motivational, and cognitive), and demographic characteristics.
Conclusion: Current literature on entrepreneurial failure is inconclusive and contradictory, emphasizing the need for further research. Existing studies mainly examine the re-entry experiences of entrepreneurs after failure, leaving other aspects of re-entry, such as context and outcomes, poorly understood. A deeper understanding of the experiences, context, and outcomes of entrepreneurial re-entry could help failed entrepreneurs make significant changes in their approach to re-entry decision-making

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial ecosystem
  • Entrepreneurial failure
  • Entrepreneurship learning
  • Re-entrepreneurship
  • Re-entry of entrepreneurs

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