پدیدارشناسی تجربه‌ی زنان کارآفرین از نابرابری اجتماعی (مورد مطالعه؛ زنان کارآفرین شهر سنندج)

Objective: The present research has sought to analyze the experience of women entrepreneurs in Sanandaj city from social inequality. Social inequality includes many dimensions and angles, including gender, work, time and place, etc. The present research has questioned this about women entrepreneurs in Sanandaj. Entrepreneurship, as a new phenomenon in the economy, has found an effective role in the economic development and progress of countries. Today, entrepreneurship has a key role in a competitive and market-based economy, but it has limitations and obstacles for women. The status of women's entrepreneurship around the world reflects gender inequalities in the external environment, which are often more obvious for women than men, and such inequalities lead to unequal access to resources and opportunities. Therefore, taking into account the views of three theorists in the field of social inequality - Chaffetz, Fogel and Elaine Wright - their analysis of social inequality in a link with gender inequality, social opportunity and work and production conditions has been discussed.
Method: The method used is interpretive phenomenology, and it is devoted to the understanding and interpretation of women's experiences of inequality in the field of entrepreneurship in Sanandaj city. The statistical population of this research includes 17 women entrepreneurs located in Sanandaj city, who work in the fields of industry, services, agriculture and handicrafts, and are known as entrepreneurs. Purposive sampling was used to conduct semi-structured interviews and continued until theoretical saturation. The four-step process of data analysis includes 1) reading and understanding the entirety of the data text. 2) Hominization and summarization of data. 3) Formation of semantic. 4) A careful rethinking of the identified themes, commonalities and differences in them, general themes and feedbacks of the interviewees are extracted.
Results: The results showed that 275 concepts, 16 primary categories and 5 secondary categories including "multiple sufferings", "marginal entrepreneurship" and "double genetic inequality", "physical and appearance complications" and "economic crisis and "inflation" whose interpretation indicates lack of adequate income, lack of financial and emotional family support for the entrepreneur, legal and administrative barriers to work, pressure to work and being alone, which are mixed with gender inequality and complications caused by hard work. The obstacles in the path of female entrepreneurs, compared to male entrepreneurs, show that, most of the obstacles that women struggle with, the existence of barriers related to gender, for the female entrepreneurs studied, from the family to the administrative work process. And the process of selling products and services exists, and it has been institutionalized in most dimensions and areas, which gradually causes the issue of women entrepreneurship in Sannandaj city to face serious and unsolvable obstacles and problems. to be Barriers are gender and family, rather than legal and financial barriers, while financial and legal labor barriers are more obvious for men. Entrepreneurship in the city of Sanandaj is on the sidelines compared to the areas of entrepreneurship and development, and this has caused major obstacles for women entrepreneurship. The risk of business closure and non-sale of products due to inflation has also aggravated these obstacles and inequality. The risk of business closure and non-sale of products due to inflation has also aggravated these obstacles and inequality. Women entrepreneurs of Sanandaj city, compared to women entrepreneurs in big cities, see themselves in more unequal conditions, which is the result of marginal and unequal entrepreneurship in Kurdistan province and especially Sanandaj city. The indifference of the officials and the government towards the development of entrepreneurship in Sanandaj city, and the continuation of the inflation and economic crisis, can face women entrepreneurs with more serious problems and issues.
Conclusion:Due to the desire of women entrepreneurs and also the existence of great potentials in the fields of tourism (expansion of ecotourism stays), handicrafts (purple-weaving, embroidery, leather, kalash-weaving, local clothing) ) and agriculture (strawberry cultivation, animal husbandry, silkworm breeding) can be transformed into actual capacities by investing and supporting the government in these sectors and strengthening them, and many people , especially encouraged women towards entrepreneurship in these fields, and the government should provide incentives and provide basic facilities and financial support to women entrepreneurs to create employment for them. Therefore, in order to reduce these obstacles and facilitate women's entrepreneurship, it is necessary to take measures such as providing facilities and loans, removing the bureaucratic process, and providing spiritual and financial support to women entrepreneurs, according to the potential of Sanandaj city.