فراتحلیل کیفی پژوهش‌های بین‌المللی انجام شده در زمینه تاب‌آوری کسب وکار

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی

نویسندگان

گروه مدیریت سیستم، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه امام حسین (ع)، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: هدف این مقاله گردآوری و دسته‌بندی مفاهیم مرتبط با «تاب‌آوری کسب‌و‌کار» از طریق بررسی جامع وجه مشترک ادبیات «تاب‌آوری»، با حوزه‌های «کسب و‌کار» و «کارآفرینی» است. بررسی پژوهش‌های انجام شده در این زمینه نشان می‌دهد که به «تاب‌آوری کسب‌و‌کار» از منظرهای متفاوتی نگریسته شده است. دسته‌بندی‌های متفاوتی توسط نویسندگان در ادبیات پیشنهاد شده است، که ناظر به تعاریف متفاوت و گاه متناقضی است. به‌علاوه، پژوهش‌گران این مفهوم را دارای وجوه و سطوح مختلفی می‌دانند. این مقاله با بررسی دقیق‌تر این مفهوم، به نتایج نظری و کاربردی مشخصی در پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی منجر خواهد شد.
روش: در این پژوهش، با استفاده از روش فراتحلیل کیفی (QMA)، مجموعه‌ای از پژوهش‌ها در مورد تاب آوری بررسی شده است. جستجویی بین سال‌های 2000 تا 2020 انجام شده و حدود ۱۰,۵۰۰ مقاله حاوی واژه "تاب آوری" پیدا شده است. سپس با حذف مقالاتی که عنوان آن‌ها شامل واژه‌های مرتبط با کسب‌و‌کار نبود، تعداد ۱,۲۶۰ مقاله برای تحلیل بیشتر باقی ماندند. در مرحله بعد، گروهی از مقالات برای تحلیل دقیق‌تر انتخاب شدند و پس از بررسی دقیق، ۸۵ مقاله برای تحلیل کیفی و کدگذاری انتخاب شدند. مراحل بعدی شامل ارزیابی مطالعات اولیه، فراهم کردن داده‌ها، تجزیه و تحلیل و اعتبارسنجی بودند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نهایی تجزیه و تحلیل در سه بخش اصلی ارائه شده است. ابتدا تعاریف تاب‌آوری در شش گروه دسته‌بندی شدند. سپس مفاهیم مشابه تاب‌آوری بر اساس زمان وقوع بحران در چهار گروه طبقه بندی شدند. در نهایت، شبکه‌ای از مضامین مرتبط با تاب‌آوری کسب‌و‌کار توسعه یافت که دارای هشت شاخه اصلی است. تعاریف تاب‌آوری در این شبکه به سه دسته کلی تقسیم می‌شود: «کسب‌و‌کار باقی‌مانده پس از وقوع بحران»، «کسب‌و‌کاری که پس از وقوع بحران به سطح عملکرد پیش از آن بازگردد» و «کسب‌و‌کاری که پس از وقوع بحران عملکرد خود را به سطح بالاتری ارتقا داده است». همچنین، تاب‌آوری در چهار سطح «اقتصادی-منطقه‌ای»، «اجتماعی»، «کسب‌و‌کار» و «کارآفرین» دسته‌بندی شده است. علاوه بر این، برای تاب‌آوری سه رویکرد اصلی «مهندسی»، «بوم‌شناختی» و «تطبیقی» ذکر شده است. از منظری دیگر، برخی معتقدند تاب‌آوری در هر نقطه از زمان قابل ارزیابی است، اما برخی دیگر یک بازه زمانی را برای ارزیابی تاب‌آوری لازم می‌دانند.
نتیجه‌گیری: در نتیجه این پژوهش، مشخص شد که غنای ادبیات تاب‌آوری کسب‌و‌کار در سطوح فردی و کسب‌و‌کار بالا، اما در سطح کلان پایین است. همچنین به نظر می‌رسد ادغام رویکردهای بوم‌شناختی و انطباقی با رویکرد مهندسی کمک قابل توجهی به ادبیات خواهد کرد. در مورد اصطلاحات و تعاریف مختلف، باید توجه داشت که می‌توان تمامی تعاریف را در دو دوگانه «فعال- منفعل» و «جاذب- انطباقی» دسته‌بندی نمود. بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود در استفاده از واژه‌ها و تعاریف متعددی که در ادبیات رایج است، تجدید نظر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring the concept of business resilience from different perspectives: A qualitative meta-analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amirhosein Mohamadi Nia
  • Mohammad Mahdi Mohtadi
  • Gholam Hossein Nikookar
Department of System Management, Faculty of Management, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: This paper aims to comprehensively review the conceptualizations of "business resilience" in the context of entrepreneurship and gather different perspectives on the topic. The goal is to provide conceptual clarity and enhance theoretical and practical outcomes in entrepreneurship research.
Method: This research is a descriptive study carried out using the qualitative meta-analysis (QMA) method. The purpose of this method is to qualitatively summarize a set of researches in terms of concepts, methods, results, context, etc. This method especially is used when the central issue has been investigated from various perspectives. By searching for research published between 2000 to 2020, containing “resilience” in the title, approximately 10,500 records were found. Filtering the document and journal titles with certain words led to 1260 records. At this stage, a group of papers was selected for further analysis by reviewing titles and abstracts. After detailed examination, 85 studies were selected for qualitative analysis and coding. Thereafter, subsequent steps for conducting a qualitative meta-analysis research including the appraisal of primary studies, preparing data, data analysis and credibility checks are followed.
Results: The final results of the analysis are provided in three main parts. At first, the definitions of resilience were categorized into six groups. Then, similar concepts to resilience were classified into four groups based on crisis occurrence time. Finally, a network of related concepts to business resilience was developed. This network has eight parts. According to this conceptual network, resilience is assumed to have three main definitions in general. Some define “resilient business” as “a business that has survived after the disaster”, some assume it to be “a business that has recovered to the same performance level in comparison to the pre-disaster state”, and others describe it as “a business that has improved its performance to a higher level”. Also, resilience has been explained at four levels: “regional economic resilience”, “social resilience”, “business resilience”, and “resilience of the entrepreneur”. Moreover, resilience has been studied by three main approaches, namely “engineering”, “ecological” and “adaptive”. Considering the required duration to evaluate resilience, some believe that resilience could be evaluated at any “point” in time, while others declare that it is necessary to consider a “duration” of time for evaluation.
Conclusion: The literature on business resilience is rich at the individual and business levels but lacks research at macro levels. Integrating ecological and adaptive approaches with the engineering approach would contribute significantly to the field. It is suggested to categorize concepts into "active-passive" and "absorptive-adaptive" dualities and avoid the use of numerous overlapping terms and definitions found in the literature.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Business
  • Disaster
  • Entrepreneurship
  • Resilience
  • SMEs
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