طراحی مدل تامین مالی خرد در پایداری کسب و کارهای نوپای کارآفرینانه در ایران (مورد مطالعه: بانک صادرات ایران)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی

نویسندگان

1 گروه توسعه کارآفرینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قزوین، قزوین، ایران.

2 گروه کسب وکار جدید، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 گروه کسب و کار جدید، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: تعداد زیادی از کسب وکارهای نوپا به دلیل عدم تامین مالی به موقع و مناسب از عرصه رقابت حذف می‌شوند.در این پژوهش هدف اصلی طراحی مدل تأمین مالی خرد در پایداری کسب‌وکارهای نوپای کارآفرینانه می‌باشد.

پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ رویکرد، تفسیری، برحسب هدف کاربردی، از لحاظ ماهیت، پیمایشی می‌باشد و با استفاده از روشی کیفی داده بنیاد و مصاحبه نیم ساختاریافته به جمع‌آوری داده‌ها و تجزیه‌وتحلیل آنان پرداخته شد.

یافته‌ها: طبقه نتایج حاصله به طراحی مدل تامین مالی خرد در پایدار یکسب وکارهای نوپای کارآفرینانه پرداخته شده است که این مدل به‌دست‌آمده دارای شش کد اصلی: عوامل پیشران (شامل، عوامل توسعه، عوامل تولید درآمد، عوامل رشد و عوامل نهادی)، مقوله اصلی (تأمین مالی خرد در پایداری کسب‌وکارهای نوپای کارآفرینانه)، راهبردها (راهبردهای درون‌سازمانی با دو دسته‌بندی راهبردهای ارائه تسهیلات و راهبردهای بازپرداخت)، عوامل زمینه‌ای (شامل عوامل محیط قانونی، محیط اقتصادی و محیط اجتماعی)، عوامل مداخله‌گر (شامل، عوامل برون‌سازمانی و عوامل درون‌سازمانی) و در نهایت پیامدها (شامل، پیامدهای کلان و پیامدهای خرد) می‌باشد.

نتیجه‌گیری: تأمین مالی خرد از طریق مؤسسات مالی می‌تواند رشد و توسعه کسب‌وکارها را به دنبال داشته باشد.تأمین مالی خرد نه‌تنها مزایایی را برای کسب‌وکارهای نوپا به همراه می‌آورد بله برای بانک تأمین‌کننده اعتبار نیز همواره منافعی را دربر خواهد داشت. بنابراین در سیاست گذاری ها و بودجه ریزی های باید به این بخش توجه بیشتری داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing a microfinance model for the sustainability of entrepreneurial start-up businesses in Iran (case study: Saderat Bank of Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Simin Heidari Gheshlaghi 1
  • Reza Mohammadkazemi 2
  • Hossein Sadeghi 3
1 Department of Entrepreneurship Development, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Business Creation, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Business Creation, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Purpose: The study focuses on the significance of entrepreneurial start-up businesses in driving economic growth and employment. It emphasizes that financing plays a crucial role in sustaining these businesses and their development. Challenges such as reduced market share, high costs, intense competition, reliance on traditional financing models, and strong international competitors hinder the progress of start-ups. Insufficient and untimely financing leads to many start-ups being unable to compete effectively. Therefore, the research aims to design a microfinance model to address this issue and ensure the sustainability of entrepreneurial start-up businesses.
Research method: The current research is interpretive in terms of approach, in terms of practical purpose, in terms of nature, it is a survey, and a qualitative method to collect and analyze the obtained data, and using the qualitative method of foundation data and semi-structured interview to data collection and analysis were used. 18 interviews were conducted using theory-based sampling method: The time domain of this research is between the years 1401-1402. In this research, the open, central and selective three-stage method was used to code the data. SPSS software and average and percentage statistical tests were used to analyze the information of the first part, that is, the part describing the characteristics of experts. In the qualitative part, the method of data analysis is data coding in three stages, using Atlas Ti software.
Findings: The study aimed to design a sustainable microfinance model for start-up entrepreneurial businesses. The model consists of six main components: driving factors (development, income generation, growth, and institutional factors), the main category (microfinance in the sustainability of start-up entrepreneurial businesses), strategies (intra-organizational strategies for facility provision and repayment), contextual factors (legal, economic, and social environment), intervening factors (external and internal organizational factors), and consequences (macro and micro-level outcomes).
Conclusion: Therefore, it can be stated that providing microfinance through financial institutions can lead to the growth and development of businesses. The obtained factors in the research model are causal factors in encouraging banks to provide microfinance facilities. In the business development sub-code, the two factors of business sustainability facilities and getting points to start-up businesses are the factors that start-up businesses are encouraged to use micro financing. Microfinance not only brings benefits to start-up businesses, yes, it will always include benefits for the bank that provides the credit. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this sector in policy making and budgeting.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Microfinance
  • business resilience
  • startups
  • Bank

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