طراحی مدل پارادایمی بهبود خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار در خوشه‌های کسب‌وکار

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران.

2 گروه حسابداری، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی،دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی ، قزوین ، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط به عنوان عنصری حیاتی در توسعه پایدار و رشد اقتصادی، نقش بسزایی ایفا می‌کنند. این نوع کسب‌وکارها، با تأثیر فراوانی در تولید ناخالص داخلی، ایجاد اشتغال، تولید درآمد و کاهش فقر در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه و توسعه‌یافته مشارکت دارند. خوشه‌های کسب‌وکار به عنوان گروهی از بنگاه‌های تجاری و غیرتجاری در یک مکان جغرافیایی، با همکاری در تولید محصولات مشابه و مرتبط، ارتباطات عمودی و افقی برقرار می‌کنند و در بسیاری از موارد همکاری جمعی و اقدامات مشترک دارند.خوشه‌بندی امکان ایجاد هماهنگی در شبکه‌های محلی را بین صنایع، دانشگاه‌ها، و سایر عوامل در یک منطقه فراهم می‌آورد، تا به مناطق دیگر نسبت به مزیت رقابتی برخوردار شوند. خوشه‌های کسب وکار به خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار نیاز دارند تا بتوانند به بهترین شکل ممکن از پتانسیل‌ها و امکانات منطقه بهره‌مند شوند. یک خوشه کسب‌وکار، نه‌تنها شامل شرکت‌ها عضو خوشه ، بلکه سازمان‌ها، تأمین‌کنندگان مواد اولیه، پیمانکاران فرعی، خریداران، صادرکنندگان، تأمین‌کنندگان ماشین‌آلات، نهادهای مختلف پشتیبان، مشاوران، خدمات عمومی، واحدهای مرتبط به سیستم حمل‌ونقل و سایر تأمین‌کنندگان خدمات توسعه کسب وکار را نیز شامل می‌شود.پژوهش حاضر باهدف ، ارائه الگوی پارادایمی برای بهبود خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار در خوشه‌های کسب‌وکار انجام‌شده است. تلاش دارد این سؤال را پاسخ دهد مدل مناسب بهبود خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار در خوشه‌های کسب‌وکار چگونه است و دارای چه مؤلفه‌هایی است؟

روش: این تحقیق از نوع هدف، کاربردی و از حیث ماهیت اکتشافی، برحسب روش تحقیق، کیفی - داده بنیاد است. جامعه آماری ، شامل خبرگان، افراد صاحب‌نظر در زمینه خوشه‌های کسب‌وکار و مشاورین مستقر در مراکز خدمات مشاوره کسب‌وکار سراسر کشور در سال 1401 می‌باشند. نمونه آماری به روش نمونه‌گیری نظری هدفمند به تعداد 16 نفر انتخاب‌شده‌اند. ابزار اصلی جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، مصاحبه‌های عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته بوده و مصاحبه با مشارکت‌کنندگان تا حد اشباع نظری ادامه یافته است. علاوه بر مصاحبه‌ها، از منابع مکتوب نیز استفاده کردیم. همچنین، از مستندات اینترنتی با جستجو در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی و منابع آنلاین، مقالات و مطالب مرتبط با موضوع را بررسی کردیم و از این طریق اطلاعات جدید و به‌روز را به دست آوردیم. به منظور کسب اطمینان از روایی تحقیق، سعی شد نمونه ای آماری از افرادی باشد که از دانش و تخصص لازم در زمینه تحقیق برخوردارند، همچنین سعی شد مداخله محققین در تحقیق به حداقل ممکن برسد. یافته های مصاحبه های انجام شده بعد از پیاده سازی در اختیار شرکت کنندگان (مصاحبه شوندگان) قرارگرفت تا نظرات خود را درباره صحت و دقّت آن بیان نمایند. و پایایی آن با اجرای روش باز آزمون (82/0) تأیید گردیده است. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از بسته نرم‌افزاری تحلیل کیفی مکس کیودا 2020 استفاده شد.

یافته‌ها: در این تحقیق، داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده از مصاحبه‌های عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته به سه مرحله کدگذاری تحت عناوین کدگذاری باز، محوری، و انتخابی تحت تحلیل قرار گرفت. در مراحل کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی، 1367 کد خام مرتبط با محورهای اصلی پدیده محوری، عوامل علی، عوامل زمینه‌ای، عوامل مداخله‌گر، راهبردهای تأثیرگذار و پیامدهای پیاده‌سازی مدل استخراج شد. پس از انجام مراحل کدگذاری، 66 مقوله محوری به‌عنوان مقولات نهایی تائید شدند و در 17 مقوله اصلی جایگذاری شدند. در حوزه پدیده محوری 1 مقوله اصلی و 6 مقوله محوری، در حوزه عوامل علی مؤثر، 2 مقوله اصلی و 5 مقوله محوری، در حوزه عوامل زمینه‌ای، 4 مقوله اصلی و 16 مقوله محوری، در حوزه عوامل مداخله‌گر، 5 مقوله اصلی و 16 مقوله محوری، و در حوزه راهبردهای تأثیرگذار، 4 مقوله اصلی و 20 مقوله محوری شناسایی شدند. در زمینه‌ی پیامدها نیز، 1 مقوله اصلی و 3 مقوله محوری به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین مؤلفه‌های تشکیل‌دهنده بهبود خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار در خوشه‌های کسب‌وکار شناسایی شدند.

نتیجه: این پژوهش یک مدل پارادایمی برای بهبود خدمات توسعه کسب و کار در خوشه‌های کسب و کار ارائه کرده است.،نظریه مدل بهبود خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار که بر اساس نتایج کدگذاری باز و محوری حاصل‌شده است، بیان می‌کند که خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار تابعی از شرایط علی، از قبیل وضعیت تقاضا و عرضه خدمات کسب‌وکار، شرایط زمینه‌ای از جمله ساختارهای نهادی، عوامل سیاسی و اقتصادی، کارکردهای سازمانی و نهادهای پشتیبان، و شرایط مداخله‌گر، از جمله شرکت شهرک‌های صنعتی استان‌ها، ذی‌نفعان، نظارت و ارزیابی، ویژگی‌ها و عملکرد گروه مدیریت توسعه خوشه و اعتمادسازی، اطلاعات و ارتباطات را دربرمی‌گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing a Paradigm Model to Improve Business Development Services in Business Clusters

نویسندگان [English]

  • amir hajipour 1
  • Hamid Azizmohammadlou 2
  • Naser Khani 1
  • Bita yazdani 1
1 Department of Management, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
2 Department of Accounting, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in sustainable development and economic growth. These types of businesses significantly contribute to gross domestic product (GDP) generation, employment creation, income production, and poverty reduction in both developing and developed countries. Business clusters, as groups of commercial and non-commercial entities in a geographical location, collaborate in the production of similar and related products, establishing vertical and horizontal communications, and often engage in collective cooperation and joint initiatives. Cluster formation facilitates coordination in local networks among industries, universities, and other factors within a region, enabling them to gain competitive advantages over other regions. Business clusters require business development services to effectively harness the potential and resources of the region. A business cluster comprises not only member companies but also organizations, raw material suppliers, subcontractors, buyers, exporters, machinery suppliers, various support institutions, consultants, public services, transportation system-related units, and other business development service providers. The present research aims to provide a paradigmatic model for improving business development services in business clusters. It seeks to answer the question of how an appropriate model for enhancing business development services in business clusters looks like and what components it encompasses.
 Method: This research is categorized as goal-oriented, practical, and, in terms of nature, exploratory, employing a qualitative and data-driven research method. The statistical population comprises experts, stakeholders in the field of business clusters, and consultants based in business advisory centers nationwide in the year 2022. The sample was selected using purposive theoretical sampling, totaling 16 participants. The primary data collection tool consisted of semi-structured in-depth interviews, continuing until theoretical saturation was achieved. In addition to interviews, written sources were also utilized. Furthermore, online documents were examined through searches in databases and online resources, reviewing articles and relevant materials on the topic to obtain new and updated information. To ensure the research's validity, efforts were made to select a statistical sample of individuals with the necessary knowledge and expertise in the research field. Additionally, researchers' intervention in the study was minimized as much as possible. The findings of the interviews were provided to the participants (interviewees) after implementation for them to express their opinions regarding the accuracy and reliability. The validity of interview questions was confirmed using a content validity method, and its reliability was verified through a test-retest method (82.0). For data analysis, the MAXQDA 2020 qualitative analysis software package was employed.
Results: In this research, the collected data from semi-structured in-depth interviews underwent a three-stage coding process, including open, axial, and selective coding. In the open, axial, and selective coding stages, 1367 raw codes related to the main axes of the phenomenon, causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors, impactful strategies, and implementation consequences of the extraction model were analyzed. After completing the coding stages, 66 core themes were confirmed as final themes and categorized into 17 main themes. In the domain of the central phenomenon, 1 main theme and 6 core themes, in the domain of influential factors, 2 main themes and 5 core themes, in the domain of contextual factors, 4 main themes and 16 core themes, in the domain of intervening factors, 5 main themes and 16 core themes, and in the domain of impactful strategies, 4 main themes and 20 core themes were identified. In the field of consequences, 1 main theme and 3 core themes were also identified as the most important components shaping the improvement of business development services in business clusters.
Conclusion: This research has proposed a paradigmatic model for enhancing business development services in business clusters.Top of Form
 The research findings demonstrate that the theoretical model of enhancing business development services, derived from the results of open and axial coding, articulates that business development services are influenced by contextual conditions, such as the demand and supply status of business services, contextual factors including institutional structures, political and economic factors, organizational functions and supporting institutions, and intervening conditions, such as the involvement of industrial estates, stakeholders, monitoring and evaluation, features and performance of the cluster development management group, empowerment, and trust-building, information, and communication. These factors create conditions that encompass a diverse range of actions and interactions related to business development services, including the creation and development of both hard and soft structures, networking among stakeholders, and diversification of the business development services domain. The consequences are also examined and evaluated at the macro, cluster, and business levels. Ultimately, the improvement of business development services has been chosen as the central theme, integrating and comprehensively examining other themes.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Business clusters
  • Business development services
  • Business Development Service Providers
  • Paradigm
  • Small and medium industries

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