طراحی چارچوب ارزیابی عملکرد شتاب‌دهنده‌های شرکتی با رویکرد کارت امتیازی متوازن

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت منابع انسانی و مدیریت کسب‌وکار، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت منابع انسانی و مدیریت کسب و کار، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jed.2024.363557.654245

چکیده

هدف: کسب وکارهای نوپا در مسیر شکل‌گیری و رشد با دشواری‌های بسیاری رو به رو هستند به طوری که تعداد قابل توجهی از آن‌ها در این مسیر با شکست مواجه می‌شوند. یکی از سازمان‌های حمایتی که برای کمک به این کسب‌وکارها در مراحل اولیه شکل‌گیری ایجاد شده است شتاب‌دهنده‌ها هستند. موفقیت اولین نمونه‌های شتاب‌دهنده‌ مانند وای‌کامبینیتور موجب شده است تا این نوع از مکانیزم‌های پرورش کسب‎‌وکار در سراسر جهان با استقبال روزافزونی مواجه شود و تعداد شتاب‌دهنده‌ها روند صعودی قابل توجهی داشته باشد. شرکت‌های بزرگ نیز با درک این نکته که برای حفظ جایگاه رقابتی خود نیازمند انعطاف‌پذیری و چابکی کسب‌وکارهای نوپا هستند در راستای بهره‌گیری از مکانیزم شتابدهی برآمده‌اند و شتاب‌­دهنده‌هایی را با مالکیت شرکت خود راه اندازی کردند که به عنوان «شتاب‌دهنده شرکتی» شناخته می‌شوند. شتاب‌دهنده‌های شرکتی با وجود اثرات مثبتی که برای شرکت‌ها ایجاد می‌کنند همواره با چالش ارزیابی عملکرد مواجه بوده‌اند. این موضوع با عملکرد مالی ضعیف آن‌ها به خصوص در سال‌های ابتدایی تاسیس، چالش‌های بیشتری نیز ایجاد می‌کند. بدین منظور باید معیارهای مناسبی برای ارزیابی عملکرد آن‌ها طراحی شود تا مالکین این شتاب‎‌دهنده‌ها به خوبی بتوانند عملکرد واقعی این شتاب­دهنده­ها را ارزیابی نمایند. لذا انجام پژوهش­هایی علمی با هدف شناسایی معیارهای ارزیابی عملکرد شتاب دهنده­های شرکتی  اهمیت می‌یابد. هدف پژوهش حاضر طراحی چارچوبی برای ارزیابی عملکرد شتاب‌دهنده‌های شرکتی است تا معیارهای سنجش عملکرد این نوع از شتاب‌دهنده‌ها را احصا نماید.
روش: این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از رویکرد کیفی و در رهیافت تفسیری صورت پذیرفت. در مرحله اول تحقیق به منظور شناخت معیارهای ارزیابی عملکرد شتاب‌دهنده‌ها به روش مرور نظام‌مند، از میان 123 مقاله مستخرج از پایگاه‌های WOS و SCOPUS، پس از غربال بر اساس عنوان و چکیده تعداد 18 مقاله علمی مرتبط با پژوهش مورد مطالعه دقیق قرار گرفت. پس استخراج معیارهای ارزیابی از مطالعه نظام‌مند و آگاهی از مهمترین معیارهای، به کمک مصاحبه نیمه‌ ساختار با 12 خبره شامل مدیران و مالکان شتاب‌دهنده‌هایی که تاکنون حداقل 2 سال تجربه شتاب‌دهی داشته‌اند و بیش از پنج استارت‌آپ را در شتاب‌دهی کرده باشند، معیارهای ارزیابی عملکرد شتاب‌دهنده‌های شرکتی احصاء گردید. سپس معیارهای حاصل از مصاحبه‌ها با بکارگیری الگوی شش مرحله‌ای تحلیل مضمون به روش براون و کلارک تحلیل و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار MAXQDA2020 استخراج و  مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: با استخراج معیارهای ارزیابی عملکرد شتاب‌دهنده‌ها از پژوهش‌های پیشین و داده‌های حاصل از مصاحبه‌ها  285 کد اولیه شناسایی شد که با توجه به دفعات تکرار و اشتراکات معانی و مفاهیم حاصل، از آن‌ها 29 مضمون فرعی استخراج گردید. سپس با سازماندهی این مضامین در 4 مضمون اصلی یک چارچوب ارزیابی عملکرد برای شتاب‌دهنده‌های شرکتی طراحی گردید. با بهره‌گیری از دیدگاه کارت امتیازی متوازن، این چارچوب در چهار بعد «عملکرد نوآوری و فناوری»، «عملکرد در رضایت استارت‌آپ‌ها»، «عملکرد فرآیندهای داخلی شتاب‌دهنده» و «عملکرد در یادگیری و رشد» دسته‌ بندی شدند. در این چارچوب برای ارزیابی عملکرد نوآوری و فناوری از 8 معیار مانند «پروژه‌های انتقال دانش به شرکت» و «حل مساله شرکت از طریق استارت‌آپ‌ها»، عملکرد در رضایت استارت‌آپ‌ها با استفاده از 9 معیار نظیر «امکان دسترسی به شبکه شرکت برای استارت‌آپ‌ها» و «سرعت تعامل شتاب‌دهنده با شرکت و پاسخگویی به استارت‌آپ‌ها»، عملکرد فرایندهای داخلی شتاب‌دهنده به کمک 7 معیار «وجود رویه‌های نظام‌مند تعامل با شرکت» و «رویه‌های مدون ارزیابی متقاضیان شتاب‌دهی» و در نهایت عملکرد در یادگیری و رشد با 5 معیار مانند «مستند سازی تجربیات برای یادگیری» و «اشتراک دانش و یادگیری در شتاب‌دهنده» مورد ارزیابی قرار خواهند گرفت.
نتیجه: ارزیابی عملکرد شتاب‌دهنده‌های شرکتی به دلیل ماهیت ناملموس دستاوردهای آن‌ها با دشواری‌هایی همراه بوده است و تاکنون پژوهش جامعی در خصوص ارزیابی عملکرد این نوع از شتاب‌دهنده‌ها صورت نپذیرفته است. این پژوهش با ارائه یک چارچوب جامع از معیارهای ارزیابی عملکرد شتاب‌دهنده‌های شرکتی به پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی در درک بهتر ماهیت و روش ارزیابی عملکرد شتاب‌دهنده‌ها کمک می‌نماید. از سوی دیگر، به مدیران و مالکان شتاب‌دهنده‌های شرکتی کمک می‌کند تا ارزیابی بهتری از وضعیت عملکردی شتاب‌دهنده به دست آورند و طی زمان بتوانند پیشرفت خود را فراتر از معیارهای صرفا مالی و با در نظر گرفتن معیارهایی جامع مورد سنجش قرار دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing a Framework to Assess the Performance of Corporate Accelerators Based on Balanced Scorecard

نویسندگان [English]

  • Armin Khaleghi Forghani 1
  • Abbas Shams 1
  • Hamza Khastar 2
1 Department of Human Resource Management and Business Administration, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Human Resource Management and Business Administration, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: Startups often encounter various challenges during their formation and growth, leading to a significant failure rate. Accelerators have emerged as a type of startup support organization, aimed at assisting startups in their early stages of development. The notable success of pioneering accelerators, such as Y-Combinatory, has fueled the rapid proliferation of this incubation mechanism worldwide. Recognizing the need for the flexibility and agility exhibited by startups to maintain their competitive positions, corporations have embraced the accelerator model and established their own versions, known as "corporate accelerators." Despite the positive impact these accelerators have on companies, evaluating their performance has remained a persistent challenge, particularly given their initial struggles with financial performance. To address this issue, it is crucial to establish appropriate accelerator assessment criteria that enable owners and managers to assess the actual performance of corporate accelerators. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the field by designing a framework for assessing the performance of corporate accelerators and identifying the criteria for measuring their effectiveness.
Method: This research adopts a qualitative and interpretive approach. First, a systematic literature review method was employed to identify assessment criteria for accelerators. Among 123 articles extracted from the WOS and SCOPUS databases, after a careful examination based on title and abstract screening, 18 relevant papers were included in the review process. Drawing from the systematic review and essential criteria, a set of performance assessment criteria for corporate accelerators was derived. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 experts. These individuals, including managers and owners of accelerators with a minimum of two years of experience, had successfully accelerated more than five startups. Thematic analysis, following the six-step pattern outlined by the Braun and Clark method and utilizing MAXQDA2020 software, was employed to extract and analyze the criteria obtained from the interviews.
Results: Through the extraction of performance assessment criteria from previous research and interview data, 285 primary codes were identified, leading to the extraction of 29 sub-themes based on the frequency of occurrences and similarities in meanings and concepts. These sub-themes were subsequently organized into four main dimensions to create a performance assessment framework for corporate accelerators. Built upon the balanced scorecard perspective, the framework encompasses four dimensions: "innovation and technology performance," "startup satisfaction performance," "internal processes of accelerator performance," and "learning and growth performance." Each dimension consists of specific criteria for assessing performance. For instance, the dimension of innovation and technology performance encompasses eight criteria, including "knowledge transfer projects to the corporation" and "solving the company's problems through startups." The dimension of startup satisfaction performance comprises nine criteria, such as "access to the company's network for startups" and "accelerator's speed of interaction with corporations and startups." The dimension of internal processes of accelerator performance incorporates seven criteria, including "the existence of systematic procedures for interacting with the company" and "documented procedures for evaluating acceleration applicants." Lastly, the dimension of learning and growth performance encompasses five criteria, such as "documentation of experiences for learning" and "knowledge sharing within the accelerator."
Conclusion: Assessing the performance of corporate accelerators has proven to be challenging due to the intangible nature of their achievements. Consequently, comprehensive research on the assessment of this accelerator type has been lacking. This study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by providing a comprehensive framework of criteria for assessing the performance of corporate accelerators. In doing so, it enhances understanding of the nature and methodology underlying the assessment of accelerator performance. Moreover, the framework offers corporate accelerator managers and owners the means to conduct more comprehensive assessments, considering a range of criteria beyond purely financial indicators. Over time, this holistic approach enables them to measure progress and assess performance more effectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Balanced scorecard
  • Business development
  • Corporate accelerator
  • Performance assessment
  • Performance indicators

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