تحلیل موانع توسعه کارآفرینی در مناطق محروم با استفاده از روش دلفی و فرآیند تحلیل شبکه ای

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی آمیخته

نویسندگان

گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه میبد، یزد، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: کارآفرینی با ایجاد فرصت‌های شغلی، نقش مهمی در توسعه اقتصادی کشورها ایفا می‌کند. هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل موانع توسعه کارآفرینی در مناطق محروم استان چهارمحال­وبختیاری با استفاده از روش دلفی و فرآیند تحلیل شبکه‌ای (ANP) است.
روش‌: پژوهش حاضر ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر ماهیت، از نوع توصیفی- پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کارشناسان کمیته امداد امام­خمینی و کارآفرینان استان چهارمحال­وبختیاری هستند که گردآوری داده­ها در تابستان 1400 انجام شد. در این پژوهش، ابتدا معیارها و زیرمعیارهای مربوط به موانع توسعه کارآفرینی در مناطق محروم، با استفاده از ادبیات موضوع و مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با خبرگان شناسایی و با استفاده از روش دلفی، غربال‌گری و تأیید شدند. سپس با استفاده از روش ANP و تحلیل آن در نرم‌افزار Super Decision، اولویت‌بندی معیارها و زیرمعیارهای تأیید شده، انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها: وجود چالش‌های سکونت‌گاه‌های روستایی و مناطق محروم (فقر، بیکاری، ناامنی غذایی، رفاه کم، و...)، ریسک‌گریزی و محافظه‌کار بودن افراد، دسترسی دشوار به تسهیلات و اعتبارات مالی مناسب، پایین بودن روحیه کار گروهی، کمبود سرمایه لازم برای کارآفرینی، عدم استقبال از ایده‌ها و نظرات مروّجان، و مشارکت پایین زنان، به­عنوان مهم­ترین موانع کارآفرینی در مناطق محروم تعیین شدند.
نتیجه­گیری: یافته­های پژوهش، حاکی از نقش مهم مسئولان و سیاست‌گذاران در رفع این موانع کارآفرینی ازطریق سیاست‌گذاری و برنامه‌ریزی برای ترویج فرهنگ کارآفرینی، توسعه اقدامات کارآفرینانه، و نیز بازنگری در قوانین و مقررات بانکی، بیمه‌ای، مالیاتی، گمرکی، قانون کار و تجارت، و غیره با توجه به مقتضیات زمان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of barriers to entrepreneurship development in deprived areas using Delphi and ANP methods

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasrallah Qiyasi Fard
  • Hossein Mohebbi
  • Morteza Nabi Meybodi
Management Department, Faculty of Humanities, Meybod University, Yazd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the economic growth of countries and job opportunities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the barriers to entrepreneurship development in deprived areas of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province using Delphi and ANP methods.
Method: The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and survey-descriptive in terms of nature. The statistical population are the experts of Imam-Khomeini Relief Foundation and entrepreneurs of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Data collection was done in the summer of 2021. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire. First, the criteria and sub-criteria related to barriers to entrepreneurship development in deprived areas were identified, and then, using the Delphi method, screening and approval of the identified criteria and sub-criteria were performed. Then, using the ANP method in Super Decision software, the approved criteria and sub-criteria were prioritized.
Results: The existence of challenges in rural settlements and disadvantaged areas (poverty, unemployment, food insecurity, low welfare, etc.), people's risk aversion and conservatism, difficult access to suitable facilities and financial credits, low teamwork spirit, lack of necessary capital for entrepreneurship, lack of acceptance of promoters' ideas and opinions, low participation of women, were determined as the most important obstacles to entrepreneurship in deprived areas.
Conclusion: The findings indicate the important role of policy makers in removing the entrepreneurial obstacles through policy making to promote entrepreneurial culture, develop entrepreneurial actions, also review banking, insurance, tax, customs, labor and trade laws, etc. according to requirements of time.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurship Development
  • Deprived Areas
  • Delphi Method
  • Analysis Network Process

مراجع

Abdulghaffar, N. A., & Akkad, G. S. (2021). Internal and external barriers to entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. Digest of Middle East Studies, 30(2), 116–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12231
Abtin, A. (2011). Investigating the new methods of entrepreneurship development in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Work and society, 135, 55–75. (In Persian)
Anand, A., Argade, P., Barkemeyer, R., & Salignac, F. (2021). Trends and patterns in sustainable entrepreneurship research: A bibliometric review and research agenda. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(3), 106092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2021.106092
Audretsch, D. (2012). Entrepreneurship research. Management Decision, 50(5), 755–764. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211227384
Bharthvajan, R. (2014). Women Entrepreneurs & Problems of Women Entrepreneurs. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(9), 16104–16110.
Cardella, G. M., Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., Monteiro, A. A., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2021). Social Entrepreneurship Research: Intellectual Structures and Future Perspectives. Sustainability, 13(14), 7532. /10.3390/13147532
Cunningham, J. B., & Lischeron, J. (1991). Defining entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 29(1), 45–61.
Fallah Haghighi, N. (2017). The Pyramid of Rural Entrepreneurship Development Based on the principles of Rural Development Policies of Europe Union. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, 4(1), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.22069/jead.2017.13002.1250 (In Persian)
Ghadermarzi, H., Jamshidi, A., Jamini, D., & Nazri Sarmaze, H. (2015). Identification Hampering Factors Affecting Development of Rural Women’s (Case Study: Shalil Villages- Ardal Township). Journal of Regional Planning, 5(17), 103–118. https://jzpm.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_723.html (In Persian)
Ghadirimasoum, M., Cheraghi, M., Kazemi, N., & Zaree, Z. (2014). Analysis of barriers to entrepreneurial development in rural areas: Bigelow Ghani district, city of Zanjan. Space Economy & Rural Development, 3(7), 3–17. http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1949-en.html (In Persian)
Ghouse, S. M., Durrah, O., & McElwee, G. (2021). Rural women entrepreneurs in Oman: problems and opportunities. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 27(7), 1674–1695. /10.1108/ -03-2021-0209
Global Entrepreneurship Research Association. (2021). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Data. https://www.gemconsortium.org/data
Gupta, P., Chauhan, S., Paul, J., & Jaiswal, M. P. (2020). Social entrepreneurship research: A review and future research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 113, 209–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.032
Heidari Sareban, V. (2012). Prioritizing Major Barriers to Rural Women’s Entrepreneurship, Using AHP Method. Case study: Ardabil province. Women’s Studies Sociological and Psychological, 10(2), 159–177. https://doi.org/10.22051/jwsps.2012.1430 (In Persian)
Hosseininia, G., & Fallahi, H. (2017). Factors Affecting the Development of Rural Entrepreneurship: A Case Study on the Rural Areas of Manoojan County. Journal of Rural Research, 8(1), 22–37.:// /10.21859/ -08012 .
Jafarnejad, A., Abbaszadeh, M. A., Ebrahimi, M., & Abtahi, S. M. (2013). Analysis of barriers to entrepreneurship in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(4), 207–216. /10.6007/ 2-4/155
Jain, R., & Ali, S. W. (2013). A Review of Facilitators, Barriers and Gateways to Entrepreneurship: Directions for Future Research. South Asian Journal of Management, 20(3), 123–163.
Jamini, D., & Jamshidi, A. (2021). Modeling the Factors Affecting the Development of Entrepreneurship Indicators in Rural Areas of Iran (Case study: Owramanat Region, Kermanshah Province). Spatial Planning, 11(3), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.22108/sppl.2021.128388.1576 (In Persian)
Johnson, M. P., & Schaltegger, S. (2020). Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Development: A Review and Multilevel Causal Mechanism Framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(6), 1141–1173. /10.1177/1042258719885368
Khajouei Nasab Karani, M. R. (2018). Women’s entrepreneurship and its development solutions. Third International Conference on Accounting, Business Management and Innovation. (In Persian)
Khanin, D., Rosenfield, R., Mahto, R. V, & Singhal, C. (2022). Barriers to entrepreneurship: opportunity recognition vs. opportunity pursuit. Review of Managerial Science, 16(4), 1147–1167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00477-6
Khorsand, E., Molkara, M., Kosari, K.(2021). Entrepreneurship development and employment approaches in deprived areas. Journal of New Research Approaches in Management and Accounting, 5(59), 114–120. https://majournal.ir/index.php/ma/article/view/742 (In Persian)
Kiakojouri, D., & Fazeli Veisari, E. (2010). Identifying the internal, environmental and outcome barriers of organizational entrepreneurship case study: Ports and Maritime Affairs of Mazandaran Province - Nowshahr Port. Journal of Management (Pajouheshgar), 7(20), 94–108. (In Persian)
Masoomi, E., & Hayati, D. (2017). Directing Rural Development through Non-Farm Economy Entrepreneurial Strategy. Journal of Studies in Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Agricultural Development, 4(3), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.22069/jead.2018.14001.1286 (In Persian)
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
Modaresi, Z., & Davodi, A. (2015). An Evaluation of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Indicators in Iran (2008-2012). Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies, 2(8), 125–146. -1-128
Mohebbi, H., & Amini, Y. (2021). Structural Leveling of strategic objectives in Iran Alloy Steel Company. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, 12(45), 205–224. (In Persian)
Mohebbi, H., & Zare Mehrjardi, A. (2019). Investigating the Effect of Proactive market Orientation on Creating Market Changes and its Consequences in the tile and ceramic industry. Commercial Surveys, 17(98), 98–113. (In Persian)
Movahed, A., Firoozi, M. A., & Rozbeh, H. (2011). Analyzing the degree of development of the cities of Khuzestan province using the method of factor analysis and cluster analysis. Research and urban planning, 2(5), 43–56. https://jupm.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_1546.html (In Persian)
Ojong, N., Simba, A., & Dana, L.-P. (2021). Female entrepreneurship in Africa: A review, trends, and future research directions. Journal of Business Research, 132, 233–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.032
Oliaei, M. S., & Karimian, H. (2011). Investigating the Rural Development Approach in Iran with an Emphasis on the Role and Position of Local Knowledge. Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies, 3(3), 85–101. https://jisds.srbiau.ac.ir/article_1901.html (In Persian)
Saeedikia, M. (2006). Principles and basics of entrepreneurship (4th ed). Kia Publication. (In Persian)
Segal, G., Borgia, D., & Schoenfeld, J. (2005). The motivation to become an entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 11(1), 42–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550510580834
Serrano-Guerrero, J., Herrera-Viedma, E., Olivas, J. a., Cerezo, A., & Romero, F. P. (2011). A google wave-based fuzzy recommender system to disseminate information in University Digital Libraries 2.0. , 181(9), 1503–1516.// /10.1016/.2011.01.012
Smith, S., Hamilton, M., & Fabian, K. (2020). Entrepreneurial drivers, barriers and enablers of computing students: gendered perspectives from an Australian and UK university. Studies in Higher Education, 45(9), 1892–1905. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1637840
Sutter, C., Bruton, G. D., & Chen, J. (2019). Entrepreneurship as a solution to extreme poverty: A review and future research directions. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(1), 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.06.003
Terán-Yépez, E., Marín-Carrillo, G. M., Casado-Belmonte, M. del P., & Capobianco-Uriarte, M. de las M. (2020). Sustainable entrepreneurship: Review of its evolution and new trends. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119742
Vedula, S., Doblinger, C., Pacheco, D., York, J. G., Bacq, S., Russo, M. V, & Dean, T. J. (2022). Entrepreneurship for the Public Good: A Review, Critique, and Path Forward for Social and Environmental Entrepreneurship Research. Academy of Management Annals, 16(1), 391–425.:// /10.5465/ 2019.0143.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار