زیست‌بوم کارآفرینی نوآورانه: الگوی عمومی و پیام‌هایی برای ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی - کمی

نویسنده

دانشیار مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی

چکیده

زیست‌بوم کارآفرینی نوآورانه نقش کلیدی در توسعۀ اقتصادی و ظهور اقتصادهای مبتنی بر نوآوری داشته است. متأسفانه، این  زیست‌بوم در ایران شکل نگرفته‌است. قدم اول برای شکل‌گیری آن در ایران، شناخت نظری و تجربی آن است. از این‌رو، هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه الگویی برای زیست‌بوم کارآفرینی نوآورانه و استخراج پیام‌هایی برای سیاست‌گذاران ذی‌ربط در ایران است. این پژوهش با رویکرد توصیفی (از نوع همبستگی) انجام شده و از حیث هدف کاربردی و از حیث روش کمّی است. داده‌های مورد نیاز برای اندازه‌گیری سازه‌های زیست‌بوم یاد‌شده، به‌صورت مقطعی از گزارش‌های 2017 «نمایۀ جهانی نوآوری»، «نمایۀ جهانی کارآفرینی» و «نمایۀ آزادی اقتصادی» برای 137کشور جهان استخراج شده‌است. برای اندازه‌گیری سازه‌ها و رابطۀ بین آن‌ها از روش مدل‌سازی معادله‌های ساختاری و نرم‌افزار «اسمارت پی ال اس» استفاده شده‌است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهدکه اقتصاد آزاد و محیط سیاسی کارا و اثربخش مؤلفه‌های کلیدی زیست‌بوم کارآفرینی نوآورانه هستند و دیگر مؤلفه‌ها براساس آن‌ها شکل می‌گیرند، توسعه می‌یابند و اثرگذار می‌شوند. بنابراین، مقاله این پیام را به سیاست‌گذاران ایران می‌دهد که اگر خواهان توسعۀ کارآفرینی نوآورانه در اقتصاد ایران هستند، هم‌زمان باید برای «بهبود کارایی و اثربخشی حکومت و دولت» و«باز و آزاد‌سازی نظام اقتصادی» تلاش کنند

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Innovative Entrepreneurship Ecosystem: General Patterns and its lessons for Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Yaghoub Entezari
Academic member of the Institute for Research and Planning of Higher Education
چکیده [English]

An innovative entrepreneurship ecosystem has a key role in economic development and the emergence of innovation-based economies in the advanced world. However, unfortunately, this ecosystem has not been formed in Iran. Its formation and development in Iran requires its recognition. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the relationships between the components of this ecosystem and suggest solutions for its development in Iran. For this purpose, cross-sectional data of 140 countries in 2017, Structural Equation Modeling Technique and SmartPls software have been used. The research results show that open and free economy is a key component of the national innovation ecosystems, and other conditions and factors (such as competitive markets, dynamic and transparent legal environment, dynamic business environment, innovation links, information technology, higher education, knowledge capital, financial capital, production and absorption of knowledge) are developed on the basis of it. Therefore, it is suggested to the Iranian government to open and liberate the economy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Innovation Ecosystem
  • Entrepreneurship ecosystem
  • Innovative Entrepreneurship Ecosystem
  • Knowledge-Based Entrepreneurship

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