رابطه شبکه های اجتماعی بر عملکرد کسب و کارهای زنان با نقش میانجی هوشیاری کارآفرینانه و تبعیض جنسیتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی - کمی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران جنوب

2 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب،

چکیده

چکیده
پژوهش حاضر که از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از نوع توصیفی- پیمایشی است به بررسی رابطه شبکه‌های اجتماعی بر عملکرد کسب‌وکارهای زنان با نقش میانجی هوشیاری کارآفرینانه و تبعیض جنسیتی پرداخته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش دربرگیرنده 148 نفر از زنان صاحب کسب وکار در سیزدهمین همایش توسعه کارآفرینی زنان ایرانی بودند که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده 106 نفر حجم نمونه درنظر گرفته شده است. داده‌های لازم از طریق پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری شده است. تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از روش مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری به روش حداقل مربعات جزئی استفاده شد که به این منظور نرم‌افزاری آماری PLS Smart بکار گرفته شده. نتایج پژوهش بیانگر رابطه معناداری بین شبکه‌های اجتماعی بر عملکرد کسب‌وکارهای زنان با نقش میانجی هوشیاری کارآفرینانه و تبعیض جنسیتی می‌باشد. همچنین شبکه اجتماعی و تبعیض جنسیتی و هوشیاری کارآفرینانه بر عملکرد کسب‌وکارهای زنان رابطه معناداری دارد. با توجه به رابطه شبکه‌های اجتماعی بر عملکرد کسب‌وکارهای زنان می‌توان بیان کرد که ارتباطات گسترده و موثر زنان از طریق شبکه‌های اجتماعی می‌تواند به عملکرد بهتر آنها در زمینه کسب وکار منجر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The relationship between social networks and performance of women's businesses :the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness and gender discrimination

نویسندگان [English]

  • parvaneh gelard 1
  • maryam hosseiny hosseiny 2
  • elahe Asgari 2
1 Faculty Member
چکیده [English]

The current research in terms of purpose is applied and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. It has been investigated the relationship between  social networks and the performance of women's businesses performance with the mediating  role of entrepreneurial alertness and gender discrimination. The statistical population of the study includes 148 Iranian female business owners who attended the 13th Women's Entrepreneurship Development Conference. Using Cochran's formulas and simple random sampling, the sample size has been consisted of 106 women. The essential data has been collected by a standard questionnaire. The data analysis has been conducted by the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the Partial Least Squares; and the statistical software PLS Smart was used. The research findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between the social networks and the women's business performance regarding the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness and the gender discrimination. Since the social networks influence the women's business performance, so women could improve their business performance through extended and effective communication in the social networks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial alertness
  • Gender discrimination
  • social networks
  • Women's business performance
آراستی، زهرا و محمدرضا اکبری (1385)، «بررسی شیوه‌های ارتباط شبکه‌ای زنان کارآفرین و تأثیر آن در راه‌اندازی کسب‌وکار»، مطالعات زنان، دوری چهارم، شمارة 3: 5- 22.
جواهری، فاطمه و سرور قضاتی (1383)، «بررسی تأثیر نابرابری جنسیتی بر کارآفرینی زنان در ایران»، مجله جامعه‌شناسی ایران، دورة پنجم، شمارة 2: 169- 177.
غلامی، حسام‌الدین، علم بیگی، امیر، صفا، لیلا و روح‌الله درینی (1394)، «تأثیر شایستگی‌های کارآفرینانه در شکل‌گیری هوشیاری کارآفرینانه (مورد مطالعه: شرکت‌های خدمات مشاوره کشاورزی استان کرمان)»، فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی، دورة هشتم، شمارة 3: 551- 570.
گلرد، پروانه (1387)، «بهره‌وری زنان کارآفرین ایرانی»، فصلنامه پژوهشنامة بازرگانی، شمارة 46: 179- 209.
Aidis, R., Welter, F., Smallbone, D., & Isakova, N. (2007). Female entrepreneurship in transition economies: the case of Lithuania and Ukraine. Feminist Economics, 13(2), 157–183.
Anderson, A. R., Jack, S. L., & Dodd, S. D. (2005). The role of family members in entrepreneurial networks: Beyond the boundaries of the family firm. Family Business Review, 18(2), 135-154.
BarNir, A., & Smith, K. A. (2002). Interfirm alliances in the small business: The role of social networks. Journal of small business management40(3), 219-232.
Bogren, M., von Friedrichs, Y., Rennemo, & Widding,. (2013). Networking women entrepreneurs: fruitful for business growth?. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 60-77.
Brush, C. G., De Bruin, A., & Welter, F. (2009). A gender-aware framework for women's entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 8-24.
De Bruin, A., Brush, C. G., & Welter, F. (2006). Introduction to the special issue: Towards building cumulative knowledge on women's entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and practice, 30(5), 585-593.
Farr-Wharton, R., & Brunetto, Y. (2007). Women entrepreneurs, opportunity recognition and government-sponsored business networks: A social capital perspective. Women in Management Review, 22(3), 187-207.
Fisher, B., Anderson, S., Bryant, J., Margolese, R. G., Deutsch, M., Fisher, E. R., ... & Wolmark, N. (2002). Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 347(16), 1233-1241.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 39-50.
Frazier, B. J., & Niehm, L. S. (2004). Exploring business information networks of small retailers in rural communities. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship9(1), 23-42.
Gabbay, S. M., & Leenders, R. T. A. (2001). Social capital of organizations: From social structure to the management of corporate social capital. InSocial capital of organizations . Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 1-20.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (2002). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Special ReportWomen Entrepreneurs.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (2015). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Special ReportWomen Entrepreneurs.
Gorgievski, M. J., Ascalon, M. E., & Stephan, U. (2011). Small business owners' success criteria, a values approach to personal differences. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(2), 207-232.
Gottlieb, B. H., & Bergen, A. E. (2010). Social support concepts and measures. Journal of psychosomatic research, 69(5), 511-520.
Greve, A., & Salaff, J. W. (2003). Social networks and entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 28(1), 1-22.
Hahn, R., & Zamantili Nayir, D. (2013). Normative and cognitive influences on female entrepreneurial reluctance at the base of the pyramid–an explorative study of cleaning ladies in Istanbul.
Hallen, B. L. (2008). The causes and consequences of the initial network positions of new organizations: From whom do entrepreneurs receive investments?. Administrative Science Quarterly53(4), 685-718.
Hoang, H., & Antoncic, B. (2003). Network-based research in entrepreneurship: A critical review. Journal of business venturing, 18(2), 165-187.
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic management journal, 195-204.
Indrawati, V., Prayitno, A., & Kusuma, T. A. (2015). Waypoint navigation of AR. Drone quadrotor using fuzzy logic controller. TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 13(3), 930-939.
Jack, S. L. (2010). Approaches to studying networks: Implications and outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(1), 120–137.
Johannisson, B. (1996). The dynamics of entrepreneurship networks. In P. D. Reynold et al Eds.), Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research: Center for Entrepreneurial Studies Babson College.
Kelly, D. J., Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., & Litovsky, Y. (2010). GEM 2010 Report on Women and Entrepreneurship: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Program. Babson College, Babson Park, MA.
Kirzner, I.M., (1973). Competition and Entrepreneurship. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Kirzner, I.M., )1979(. Perception, Opportunity, and Profit. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Klapper, L. F. & SC Parker )2011(“Gender and the Business Environment for New Firm Creation”. The World Bank Research Observer, 26(2), 237-257.
Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, 3rd edn Guilford Press. New York, USA.
Kuada, John, (2009) "Gender, social networks, and entrepreneurship in Ghana." Journal of African Business 10(1), 85-103.
Lee, J. H., Sohn, S. Y., & Ju, Y. H. (2011). How effective is government support for Korean women entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises?.Journal of Small Business Management49(4), 599-616.
Lent, R. W. (2013). Career‐life preparedness: Revisiting career planning and adjustment in the new workplace. The Career Development Quarterly, 61(1), 2-14.
McKechnie, S. A., Ennew, C. T., & Read, L. H. (1998). The nature of the banking relationship: A comparison of the experiences of male and female small business ownersi. International Small Business Journal, 16(3), 39-55.
Natsvlishvili, I. (2017). Gender Inequality and Women’s Entrepreneurship-Challenges and Opportunities (Case of Georgia). In Country Experiences in Economic Development, Management and Entrepreneurship: Proceedings of the 17th Eurasia Business and Economics Society Conference (pp. 491-505). Springer International Publishing.
Oke, D. F. (2013). The effect of social network on women entrepreneurs in Nigeria: A case study of Ado-Ekiti Small scale Enterprise. International Journal of Education and Research1(11), 1-14.
Sarker, S., & Palit, M. (2014). Determinants of Success Factors of Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh-A Study Based on Khulna Region. Business and Economic Research4(2), 237-250.
Sexton, D. L., & Bowman-Upton, N. (1990). Female and male entrepreneurs: Psychological characteristics and their role in gender-related discrimination. Journal of business venturing, 5(1), 29-36.
Seymour, N. (2003), women entrepreneurs in developing world, p.3.
Tang, J., Kacmar, K. M. M., & Busenitz, L. (2012). Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing27(1), 77-94.
Tang, J. (2008). Environmental munificence for entrepreneurs: entrepreneurial alertness and commitment. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research14(3), 128-151.
Verheul, I., Thurik, R., Grilo, I., & van der Zwan, P. (2012). Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 325-341.
Welsh, D. H., Memili, E., & Kaciak, E. (2016). An empirical analysis of the impact of family moral support on Turkish women entrepreneurs. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 1(1), 3-12.
Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J. S., & Anderson, N. B. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socio-economic status, stress and discrimination. Journal of health psychology2(3), 335-351.
Women Entrepreneurs Inc. Canada 2006. Available at:http://www.weinc.org.
Xie, X., & Lv, J. (2016). Social networks of female tech-entrepreneurs and new venture performance: the moderating effects of entrepreneurial alertness and gender discrimination. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(4), 963-983.