ابعاد توانمندساز هوش مصنوعی در فرایند شکل‌گیری کسب و کارهای کارآفرینانه: ارائه چارچوبی مفهومی و دستورکار پژوهش‌های آینده

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی

نویسندگان

گروه کسب و کار ، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران،ایران

10.22059/jed.2026.406970.654615

چکیده

چکیده

هدف: مفهوم توانمندسازهای خارجی به عنوان یک سازه جایگزین فرصت در ادبیات کارآفرینی مطرح شده که عبارت است از شرایط بیرونی و متمایز- از جمله تغییرات سیاسی، مقرراتی، جمعیتی- اجتماعی و فناوری‌های جدید- که می‌توانند نقشی اساسی را در خلق و/یا توانمندسازی استارت‌آپ‌ها ایفا کنند. از سوی دیگر این مفهوم به اقتضای نوع و ماهیت خود، مکانیزم‌ها، مشخصات و نقش‌های متفاوتی را در فرایند شکل‌گیری کسب و کارهای کارآفرینانه فعال می‌کند. در این میان، هوش مصنوعی به عنوان یک توانمندساز حوزه فناوری، در تعامل با عامل انسانی، فرایند شکل‌گیری کسب و کارهای کارآفرینانه را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. این پژوهش با واکاوی نظام‌مند مطالعات موجود، به شناسایی ابعاد توانمندساز هوش مصنوعی و ارائه یک چارچوب مفهومی منسجم در این حوزه می‌پردازد.

روش‌شناسی پژوهش: این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از حیث گردآوری داده‌ها، از نوع اسنادی با رویکرد فراترکیب است. این مطالعه بر اساس الگوی سه مرحله‌ای شیائو واتسون(2019) انجام شد. جامعه اولیه پژوهش شامل 713 مطالعه تا آگوست 2025 بود که با بهره‌گیری از روش‌های استناد رو به جلو و رو به عقب، با تمرکز بر مطالعه چالمرز و همکاران(2021) به عنوان مطالعه محوری در حوزه هوش مصنوعی به مثابه توانمندساز خارجی، شناسایی شدند. پس از اجرای فرایند غربالگری، در نهایت 28 مقاله برای استخراج، تحلیل و ترکیب داده‌ها انتخاب گردید.

یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه ابعاد توانمندساز هوش مصنوعی در فرایند شکل‌گیری کسب و کارهای کارآفرینانه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. ابعاد و مولفه‌های آن بر اساس روش فراترکیب شناسایی و استخراج شد. فرایند تحلیل و کدگذاری داده‌ها منجر به استخراج 35 مفهوم مرتبه اول و تجمیع آن‌ها در قالب 19 مضمون مرتبه دوم شد. این مضامین در 4 تم اصلی شامل «مکانیزم‌ها»، «نقش‌ها»، «مشخصات» و «ماهیت وظایف» سازماندهی شدند که ابعاد توانمندساز هوش مصنوعی در فرایند شکل‌گیری کسب و کارهای کارآفرینانه را در قالب یک چارچوب مفهومی منسجم تبیین می‌کنند. مکانیزم‌ها، بیانگر ساز و کارهای اثرگذاری هوش مصنوعی بوده که شامل مکانیزم‌های «توسعه منابع اطلاعاتی و دانشی»، «توسعه منابع فردی و شناختی» «خلق»، «جایگزین»، «کاهش ریسک و عدم قطعیت»، «مشروعیت‌بخشی»، «کشف فرصت یا شناسایی تقاضای بازار»، «محصورسازی»، «ترکیب» و در نهایت «صرفه‌جویی و فشرده‌سازی» می‌باشند. نقش‌ها، میزان عاملیت هوش مصنوعی در کنار عامل انسانی را مشخص و به سه شکل متفاوت عمل می‌کنند: جایگزین، هم‌افزا و توان‌افزا. مشخصات هوش مصنوعی نیز ویژگی‌های الگوریتم‌هایش را بر اساس دو بعد شدت عاملیت و شفافیت مشخص می‌کند.

در نهایت، مشخص شد که هر سه بعد توانمندساز هوش مصنوعی در مراحل گوناگون فرایند شکل‌گیری کسب و کار- به اقتضای ماهیت وظایف یا انتظارات عملکردی آن مرحله- به شیوه‌ای متفاوت فعال می‌شوند.

نتیجه: پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد که هوش مصنوعی به عنوان یک توانمندساز حوزه فناوری دارای چهار بعد «مکانیزم‌ها»، «نقش‌ها‌»، «مشخصات» و «ماهیت وظایف» می‌باشد و ضمن ارائه یک چارچوب مفهومی منسجم از ابعاد توانمندساز، زمینه مطالعات تجربی آینده را از طریق تدوین قضایا فراهم می‌سازد. همچنین با شناسایی و دسته‌بندی شکاف‌های پژوهشی، دستور کار جامعی برای پژوهش‌های آتی در این حوزه ارائه می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها: هوش مصنوعی، فرایند شکل‌گیری کسب و کارهای کارآفرینانه، توانمندسازهای خارجی، ابعاد توانمندساز.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Enabling Dimensions of Artificial Intelligence in the Entrepreneurial venture creation process: A Conceptual Framework and Future Research Agenda

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamideh Miri asl
  • Kambiz Talebi
  • Narges Imanipour
  • Jahangir Yadollahi Farsi
Department of Business, Entrepreneurship Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran,Iran
چکیده [English]

ABSTRACT

Objective: The concept of external enabler has been proposed as an alternative construct to entrepreneurial opportunities in entrepreneurship literature. External enablers are distinct, external circumstances -such as political and regulatory changes, demographic and social shifts, and new technologies- that can play essential roles in creating and/or enabling start-ups. Based on their inherent nature, the external enablers framework sequentially activates heterogeneous mechanisms, roles and characteristics within the entrepreneurial venture creation process. Specifically,artificial intelligence(AI) as a technological enabler that interacts with the human factor, affects the entrepreneurial venture-creation process. Through a systematic analysis of existing studies, this research identifies the enabling dimensions of artificial intelligence and presents a coherent conceptual framework in this field.

Method: This research serves an applied purpose and utilizes a meta-synthesis approach for data collection. The study follows the three-stage model proposed by Xiao and Watson (2019). The initial research population included 713 studies up to August 2025, identified through forward and backward citation methods, with a focus on the pivotal study by Chalmers et al. (2021) on artificial intelligence as an external enabler. Following the screening process, 28 articles were selected for data extraction, analysis, and synthesis.

Results: This study analyzed the enabling dimensions of artificial intelligence in the entrepreneurial venture creation process. The dimensions and components were identified and extracted based on the meta-synthesis method.The process of data analysis and coding resulted in the extraction of 35 first-order concepts, which were aggregated into 19 second-order themes. These themes were categorized into four main themes: “mechanisms”, “roles”, “characteristics” and “nature of tasks”, elucidating the enabling dimensions of AI in the entrepreneurial venture creation process within a coherent conceptual framework. Mechanisms represent the ways AI exerts influence, which include mechanisms of “knowledge and information resources development”, “individual and cognition resources development”, “creation”, “substitution”, “risk and uncertainty reduction”, “legitimation”, “opportunity discovery or demand development”, “enclosure”, “combination” and “conservation and compression”. Roles define the degree of AI’s agency alongside the human agent, which can operate in three forms: replacement, integration and augmentation. The characteristics of AI specify the features of its algorithms based on two dimensions: agency intensity and transparency. Finally, all three dimensions of AI enablers-mechanisms, roles, and characteristics- are activated differently at each stage of the entrepreneurial venture creation process, depending on the nature of the tasks or performance expectations.

Conclusion: The present research indicates that artificial intelligence, as a technology enabler, has four dimensions: mechanisms, role, characteristics and nature of tasks.By providing a coherent conceptual framework of the enabling dimensions of AI, this study lays the groundwork for future empirical research by formulating hypotheses. It also outlines a comprehensive research agenda in this area by identifying and categorizing research gaps.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Entrepreneurial venture creation process, external enablers, enabling dimensions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Artificial intelligence
  • Entrepreneurial venture creation process
  • external enablers
  • enabling dimensions

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فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توسعه کارآفرینی
دوره 19، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 91-119

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