Designing an Indigenous Facilitation Model for Iran’s Social Entrepreneurship Ecosystem: Collaboration, Collective Action, and the Participatory Learning Cycle

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Independent Facilitator /Volunteer at IzadDoostan Shomal Charity, Iran

2 CEO and Facilitator, IzadDoostan Shomal Charity, Iran.

Abstract

Objective: This study introduces the indigenous Synergistic Three-Layer Model (Saha) as an innovative framework for participatory facilitation in social entrepreneurship. In contrast to conventional linear models, Saha adopts a cyclical and context-responsive approach that emphasizes ongoing learning and dynamic engagement between facilitators and stakeholders.
Method: The research draws on field-based experiences, in-depth interviews with local ecosystem actors, and a critical review of key theories related to participation and empowerment. To complement these qualitative insights, a tailored questionnaire was developed to assess the performance of participatory facilitators through the lens of the Saha model, using both qualitative data and limited quantitative indicators.
Results: At the core of the Saha model is a participatory learning cycle comprising four interconnected stages: experiencing, reflecting, contextualizing, and engaging in locally grounded action. This iterative process allows for continuous reflection and refinement of facilitation strategies. Findings reveal that, despite challenges such as the inherent complexity of facilitation and occasional stakeholder resistance, the model significantly enhances mutual learning, active participation, and positive social transformation within local communities.
Conclusion: Designed with the specific socio-cultural context of Iran in mind, the Synergistic Three-Layer Model (Saha) represents both a theoretical and practical innovation in participatory facilitation. As a flexible and adaptive framework, it offers broad applicability in social entrepreneurship and community development initiatives. Future directions include expanding specialized training programs, applying the model across diverse regional settings, and further developing tools to evaluate its effectiveness.
 

Keywords

References

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Journal of Entrepreneurship Development
Volume 18, Issue 3
Special Letter
September 2025
Pages 1-24

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