طراحی مدل قابلیت‌های مربیگری کارآفرینانه در کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی

نویسندگان

1 گروه کارآفرینی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

2 گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران

3 گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jed.2025.396936.654539

چکیده

هدف: مربیگری کارآفرینانه، مداخله توسعه‌ای برای کارآفرینانی است که در مراحل مختلف فرایند کارآفرینانه بر اساس یک رابطه مشارکتی با یک مربی حرفه‌ای شکل می‌گیرد. اهمیت مربیگری کارآفرینانه در توانایی آن برای تقویت تاب‌آوری و بهبود نتایج عملکردی کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط نهفته است. قابلیت‌های مربیگری کارآفرینانه به حمایت و راهنمایی ساختاریافته‌ای اشاره دارد که به کارآفرینان ارائه می‌شود تا تصمیم‌گیری، رهبری و عملکرد کلی کسب‌وکار خود را بهبود بخشند. از آنجایی که کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط به‌عنوان موتورهای محرک اصلی رشد اقتصادی شناخته می‌شوند، مربیگری مؤثر به‌طور فزاینده‌ای حیاتی شده است تا به این کسب‌وکارها کمک کند تا از چالش‌های پیچیده بازار عبور کنند و از فرصت‌های نوآوری و توسعه بهره‌برداری نمایند. این پژوهش با هدف طراحی مدل قابلیت‌های مربیگری کارآفرینانه انجام شده است.

روش: این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر گردآوری اطلاعات از روش اسنادی فراترکیب استفاده نموده است. برای اجرای آن از روش هفت مرحله‌ای سندوسکی و باروسو (2007) استفاده شده است. پارامترهای پژوهش شامل سوالات (قابلیت‌های مربیگری کارآفرینانه برای مربیان کدامند؟ قابلیت‌های مربیگری کارآفرینانه برای متربیان کدامند؟)، جامعه هدف (پایگاه اسکوپوس)، محدوده زمانی مطالعه (2012-2024) و روش مطالعه (استفاده از راهبردهای جست‌وجوی اینترنتی) تعیین شدند. کلیدواژه‌های مورداستفاده در این پژوهش قابلیت، مربیگری، مربیگری کارآفرینانه، قابلیت مربیگری کارآفرینانه و کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط بوده است. نتیجه‌ی جست‌وجو، تعداد بالغ بر 3456 کلیدواژه از مقاله‌های انگلیسی بود. مقالات نامناسب طی 3 مرحله تعیین شدند. در نهایت تعداد 62 مقاله به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شد. از ابزار «CASP» جهت ارزیابی مطالعات استفاده شد. همچنین، برای سنجش پایایی روش فراترکیب از نظر کدگذاری‌های انجام شده، از روش ضریب پایایی هولستی استفاده شد. با استخراج مفاهیم و اجرای مراحل کدگذاری، پنل خبرگی متشکل از سه تن از خبرگان دانشگاهی تشکیل شد و به بررسی کدهای اولیه و مقولات پرداختند و در نهایت چارچوبی مفهومی از مقولات پیشنهاد شد.

یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه مدل قابلیت‌های مربیگری کارآفرینانه در کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. ابعاد و مولفه‌های مدل مذکور بر اساس روش فراترکیب شناسایی و استخراج شدند. نتایج فراترکیب نشان داد در ادبیات موجود قابلیت‌های مربیگری کارآفرینانه در دو بعد مربی و متربی قابل شناسایی بودند. در پایان فرایند کدگذاری باز 262 مفهوم برچسب‌گذاری شد و در مرحله کدگذاری محوری، با بررسی دوباره مفاهیم، مقولات فرعی شناسایی و دسته‌بندی شدند و در این مرحله تعداد 53 مولفه از بین 262 کد باز استخراج شد. در مرحله سوم کدگذاری انتخابی، مولفه‌های شناسایی شده در مرحله کدگذاری محوری در 14 بعد اصلی تحلیل و دسته‌بندی شدند. قابلیت‌های متربیان شامل 6 بعد مهارت‌های کارآفرینانه، قابلیت‌های روان‌شناختی، قابلیت‌های راهبردی، قابلیت‌های عملیاتی، قابلیت‌های شناختی، دانش با 20 مولفه و 103 شاخص بود. قابلیت‌های مربیان شامل 8 بعد دانش تخصصی، مهارت‌ها، قابلیت‌های عملیاتی، قابلیت‌های عاطفی، قابلیت‌های ارتباطی، قابلیت‌های عملکردی، قابلیت‌های فردی، قابلیت‌های شناختی با 33 مولفه و 159 شاخص بود. در نهایت، روابط بین قابلیت‌ها در چهار دسته قابلیت کلیدی انتقال دانش و مهارت، رشد روان‌شناختی، توانمندسازی راهبردی و حمایت و توسعه فردی دسته‌بندی شد.

نتیجه: مطالعه حاضر نشان می‌دهد که مربیگری کارآفرینانه از طریق چهار قابلیت کلیدی توانمندسازی راهبردی، رشد روان‌شناختی، انتقال دانش و مهارت، و حمایت و توسعه فردی، تأثیر عمیقی بر موفقیت متربیان دارد. در این میان، توانمندسازی راهبردی به‌عنوان هسته اصلی، نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در هدایت عملی کارآفرینان ایفا می‌کند، درحالی‌که رشد روان‌شناختی و حمایت فردی بستر لازم برای تاب‌آوری و انگیزه را فراهم می‌سازند. انتقال دانش نیز پلی میان تئوری و عمل ایجاد می‌کند. این تعامل پویا بین قابلیت‌ها، اثربخشی مربیگری را در کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط تضمین می‌نماید. بنابراین، توسعه برنامه‌های مربیگری باید بر تقویت یکپارچه این ابعاد تمرکز کند تا کارآفرینان را به‌صورت همه‌جانبه توانمند سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing Entrepreneurial Coaching Capabilities Model in Small and Medium-Sized Businesses

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadali Nejadian 1
  • Seyed Rasul Hosseini 2
  • mohammad khodabakhsh 3
1 Department of Entrepreneurship, Qa.c., Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Department of Educational Management, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: Entrepreneurial coaching is a developmental intervention designed for entrepreneurs at various stages of the entrepreneurial process, based on a collaborative relationship with a professional coach. The significance of entrepreneurial coaching lies in its ability to enhance resilience and improve performance outcomes for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Entrepreneurial coaching capabilities refer to structured support and guidance provided to entrepreneurs to enhance their decision-making, leadership, and overall business performance. Given that SMEs are recognized as key drivers of economic growth, effective coaching has become increasingly critical in helping these businesses navigate complex market challenges and capitalize on opportunities for innovation and expansion. This research aims to develop a model of entrepreneurial coaching capabilities.

Methodology: This applied research employed a meta-synthesis method based on document analysis. The seven-step framework of Sandowski and Barroso (2007) was used to conduct the study. The research parameters included the following: research questions ("What are the entrepreneurial coaching capabilities for coaches?" and "What are the entrepreneurial coaching capabilities for mentees?"), target population (Scopus database), study timeframe (2012–2025), and research method (internet-based search strategies). The keywords used in this study included capability, coaching, entrepreneurial coaching, entrepreneurial coaching capability, and SMEs. The search yielded a total of 3,456 keywords from English-language articles. A total of 62 articles were selected as the sample. The CASP tool was used to evaluate the studies. Additionally, Holsti’s reliability coefficient method was employed to assess the reliability of the meta-synthesis in terms of the coding performed. Through the extraction of concepts and the implementation of coding procedures, an expert panel consisting of three academic specialists was formed. This panel reviewed the initial codes and categories, ultimately proposing a conceptual framework of the categories.

Findings: This study analyzed the model of entrepreneurial coaching capabilities in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The dimensions and components of the model were identified and extracted using the meta-synthesis method. The meta-synthesis results revealed that existing literature categorizes entrepreneurial coaching capabilities into two dimensions: the coach and the Coachee. At the end of the open coding process, 262 concepts were labeled. During the axial coding phase, upon re-examining the concepts, sub-categories were identified and categorized. In the selective coding stage, the components identified in the axial coding phase were analyzed and classified into 14 main dimensions. The coaches' capabilities comprised six dimensions: entrepreneurial skills, psychological capabilities, strategic capabilities, operational capabilities, cognitive capabilities, and knowledge—encompassing 20 components and 103 indicators. The coaches' capabilities included eight dimensions: specialized knowledge, skills, operational capabilities, emotional capabilities, communication capabilities, functional capabilities, personal capabilities, and cognitive capabilities—consisting of 33 components and 159 indicators. Finally, the relationships between these capabilities were categorized into four key capability groups: Knowledge and Skill Transfer, Psychological Growth, Strategic Empowerment, Support and Personal Development.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that entrepreneurial coaching profoundly impacts coachees' success through four key capabilities: strategic empowerment, psychological growth, knowledge and skill transfer, and support and personal development. Among these, strategic empowerment serves as the core, playing a decisive role in guiding entrepreneurs' practical actions, while psychological growth and personal support provide the necessary foundation for resilience and motivation. Knowledge transfer bridges theory and practice. This dynamic interaction among capabilities ensures the effectiveness of coaching in SMEs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial Coaching
  • Entrepreneurial Coaching Capabilities
  • Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)

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فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توسعه کارآفرینی
دوره 18، شماره 5
بهمن 1404
صفحه 106-145

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