نسلZ با بهره‌گیری از چارچوب TCMو رویکرد فراترکیب

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق‌اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

هدف: پژوهشگران به طور فزاینده‌ای به درک نقش جوانان در کارآفرینی و شناسایی افرادی که در این حوزه به موفقیت دست یافته‌اند، علاقه‌مند شده‌اند. این امر جای تعجب ندارد؛ چرا که کارآفرینی نقشی کلیدی در شکل‌دهی به اقتصاد، نوآوری و ایجاد فرصت‌های شغلی ایفا می‌کند. هر نسل، ویژگی‌ها و رویکردهای منحصربه‌فرد خود را به عرصه کارآفرینی وارد می‌سازد و شیوه انجام کسب‌وکار را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. در حال حاضر نیز با دگرگونی چشم‌گیری مواجه هستیم که از حضور نسل نوظهور Z در بازار کار ناشی شده است. بنابراین در بستر تحولات پرشتاب فناوری و اجتماعی، بررسی کارآفرینان نسل Z «نسلی که به‌تازگی وارد بازار کار شده‌اند» اهمیتی ویژه می‌یابد. این نسل به‌عنوان نخستین نسل کاملاً دیجیتال، در فضایی متفاوت از نسل‌های پیشین رشد کرده و دارای نگرش‌ها و ارزش‌هایی خاص در حوزه‌های زندگی، کار و فناوری است و با ذهنیتی جهانی، فردگرا، خلاق و نوآور، به‌طور فزاینده‌ای تمایل دارد مسیرهای شغلی مستقل همچون کارآفرینی را در پیش گیرد. آن‌ها نه‌تنها به دنبال کسب درآمد و موفقیت اقتصادی هستند، بلکه به ارزش‌آفرینی اجتماعی، تحقق اصول اخلاقی و استفاده از فناوری برای حل مسائل جهانی نیز اهمیت می‌دهند. بنابراین با توجه به افزایش تعداد مطالعات پیرامون این نسل و ویژگی‌های منحصربه‌فرد آن، پژوهش حاضر با هدف مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات مرتبط با کارآفرینی نسل Z و بهره‌گیری از چارچوب TCM (نظریه، زمینه، روش) و رویکرد فراترکیب انجام شده است. هدف این مطالعه، تحلیل ساختارمند دانش موجود، شناسایی ابعاد کلیدی رفتار کارآفرینانه نسلZ، بررسی شکاف‌های پژوهشی و ارائه چارچوبی مفهومی برای فهم بهتر پویایی‌های این نسل در حوزه کارآفرینی است.

روش: مطالعه به‌صورت مرور نظام‌مند در دو مرحله انجام شده است. در مرحله نخست، با استفاده از چارچوب TCM، ۴۸ مقاله منتخب مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. این چارچوب سه بُعد نظریه‌های به‌کاررفته، زمینه‌های پژوهشی، و روش‌های پژوهشی مقالات را تحلیل می‌کند. در مرحله دوم، همان مجموعه ۴۸ مقاله با رویکرد فراترکیب و با الگوبرداری از مدل هفت‌مرحله‌ای سندلوسکی و بارسو، به‌طور کیفی تحلیل شدند. در این مرحله، داده‌های استخراج‌شده به روش کدگذاری باز و محوری بررسی گردید تا ابعاد مؤثر در کارآفرینی نسل Z شناسایی شود.

یافته‌ها: یافته‌های حاصل از TCMنشان داد که در پژوهش‌های قبلی نظریه رفتار برنامه‌ریزی‌شده، روش‌های کمی و کشور اندونزی بیشترین فراوانی را داشتند. همچنین یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل و ترکیب مقالات در بخش فراترکیب نیز نشان دادند که رفتار کارآفرینانه نسل Z تحت‌تأثیر هفت بُعد اصلی قرار دارد: بعد فردی-روان‌شناختی، بعد ارزشی-هنجاری، بعد توانمندی-عملیاتی، بعد زمینه‌ای-محیطی، بعد بازدارنده، بعد فناوری و بعد سبک زندگی-شغلی.

نتیجه‌گیری: پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد که نسل Z با وجود ویژگی‌هایی چون ذهنیت دیجیتال، خودرهبری، ارزش‌محوری و انعطاف‌پذیری، ظرفیت بالایی برای ورود به عرصه کارآفرینی دارد. با این حال، وجود موانعی نظیر مقررات پیچیده، اضطراب عملکردی و دیگر عوامل می‌تواند مانع بالفعل‌شدن این پتانسیل شود. چارچوب مفهومی ارائه‌شده می‌تواند مبنایی برای طراحی سیاست‌ها، برنامه‌های آموزشی و راهکارهای حمایتی در حوزه توسعه این نوع کارآفرینی باشد. در نهایت پیشنهاداتی برای پژوهشگران آتی ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A systematic review of Generation Z entrepreneurship literature using the TCM framework and a meta-synthesis approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahman Khodapanah 1
  • Fariba Mesri Eisalou 2
1 Department of Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili , Ardabil, Iran
2 Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: Researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding the role of youth in entrepreneurship and identifying individuals who have achieved success in this domain. This is hardly surprising, as entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in shaping the economy, fostering innovation, and creating employment opportunities. Each generation brings its own unique characteristics and approaches to entrepreneurship, thereby influencing how business is conducted. At present, a significant transformation is underway, driven by the emergence of Generation Z in the labor market. Accordingly, in the context of rapid technological and social changes, exploring Generation Z entrepreneurs—those who have only recently entered the workforce—has gained particular importance. As the first fully digital generation, they have grown up in an environment markedly different from that of previous generations and possess distinctive attitudes and values regarding life, work, and technology. With a global outlook, individualistic mindset, creativity, and innovativeness, they increasingly tend to pursue independent career paths such as entrepreneurship. Not only do they seek economic success and income generation, but they also value social impact, ethical principles, and the use of technology to address global challenges. Given the growing number of studies on this generation and its unique characteristics, the present research aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature on Generation Z entrepreneurship by employing the TCM framework (Theory, Context, Method) and a meta-synthesis approach. The objective of this study is to structurally analyze the existing body of knowledge, identify key dimensions of Generation Z’s entrepreneurial behavior, examine research gaps, and propose a conceptual framework for a better understanding of this generation's dynamics in the field of entrepreneurship.

Method: This study was conducted in two stages as a systematic literature review. In the first stage, 48 articles were analyzed using the TCM framework, which examines three dimensions: the theories applied, research contexts, and research methods. In the second stage, a meta-synthesis approach was adopted following the seven-step model proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso. Through this process, qualitative data were extracted and analyzed via open and axial coding to identify influential dimensions in Generation Z entrepreneurship.

Findings: The findings from the TCM analysis revealed that prior studies most frequently employed the Theory of Planned Behavior, utilized quantitative research methods, and were predominantly conducted in Indonesia. Additionally, the results of the meta-synthesis indicated that Generation Z’s entrepreneurial behavior is influenced by seven main dimensions: (1) individual-psychological, (2) value-normative, (3) competency-operational, (4) contextual-environmental, (5) inhibitory, (6) technological, and (7) lifestyle-career.

Conclusion: This study highlights that Generation Z, with characteristics such as a digital mindset, self-leadership, value orientation, and adaptability, holds significant potential to engage in entrepreneurial activities. However, challenges such as complex regulations, performance anxiety, and other barriers may hinder the realization of this potential. The proposed conceptual framework can serve as a foundation for designing policies, educational programs, and supportive strategies aimed at fostering this type of entrepreneurship. Finally, suggestions for future research are provided.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Generation Z
  • entrepreneurship
  • digital natives
  • Generation Z entrepreneurship
  • meta-synthesis

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فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توسعه کارآفرینی
دوره 18، شماره 4
مهر 1404
صفحه 84-111

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