Conceptualization of hybrid entrepreneurs' success model in Iran

Objective: Being capable to initiate and persist in activities associated with identifying, exploring, and implementing opportunities for value creation are essential for an aspiring entrepreneur. This is especially true for the growing number of aspiring entrepreneurs who undertake a hybrid entrepreneurial entry path, whereby an individual simultaneously engages in startup activities while remaining employed elsewhere during their career transition. Hybrid entrepreneurships are defined as people who engage in self-employment activity while simultaneously hold a primary in waged work. This phenomenon has received increasing scholarly attention in recent years. Hybrid entrepreneurs are individuals who are employees and entrepreneurs at the same time. In their quest to make their businesses successful, they commonly encounter challenges and adversities. This makes entrepreneurial persistence as a key factor in the success of hybrid entrepreneurs. Having a wage job can make running a venture more challenging, increases the likelihood that hybrid entrepreneurs will quit their entrepreneurial activities. For instance, hybrid entrepreneurs must maintain a dual focus on both their wage work and entrepreneurial work and must perform well in the former while keeping their venture running concurrently. Hybrid entrepreneurship can have a positive role in decreasing unemployment and economic growth. However, there was no any study in literature review evaluating for success of Iranian hybrid entrepreneurs. This study was conducted to provide a model for the success of hybrid entrepreneurs with the help of grounded theory.
Method: In the present study, the samples were selected purposefully and theoretical sampling was used to identify factors affecting success. By conducting preliminary interviews and analyzing the obtained data, coding and creating concepts, comparing them, forming categories and communicating between them from snowball and theoretical sampling. It was used to select the next participants. Considering the fact that the criteria for judging when to stop theoretical sampling is the theoretical adequacy of categories and data. In this study, theoretical saturation was confirmed after 25 interviews and no new information was added. Each interview lasted 25 to 50 minutes. In the present study, the reliability of the results was evaluated using member control techniques, the use of different researchers in data collection and analysis, and the researcher's self-review. To check the verifiability of the results of the research, all the notes, documents and interviews recorded after the analysis by the researcher were again provided to the research team and other researchers to match the raw data with the results of Confirm the data.
Results: In the current study, 91 concepts were extracted for the success of hybrid entrepreneurs. In the current study, economic and financial factors, psychological factors, learning and experiences, learning skills, personality characteristics, supports of family and others and competencies were identified as causal factors. Administrative bureaucracy, financial barriers and cultural barriers were known as underlying factors. Climate change, market fluctuations and environmental turbulence were identified as interventional factors affecting success of Iranian hybrid entrepreneurs. The interviewers mentioned educational strategies, modeling, reducing administrative bureaucracy, motivate strategies, managerial and financial facilities strategies were considered as reasons for success of Iranian hybrid entrepreneurs. In addition, interviewer’s mentioned to improve entrepreneurship spirit, development of the industry and development of economic as results for success of Iranian hybrid entrepreneurs.
Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in the model, educational strategies such as education of entrepreneurs, continued view from success entrepreneurship, improving entrepreneurship and marketing skills, help from specialists and corporation in startup events, modeling of success entrepreneurs, decreasing administrative bureaucracy, financial supports by facilities and support for purchasing products and also predicting risk and considering strategy were suggested for success of Iranian hybrid entrepreneurs. This study could cover gaps in literature review for hybrid entrepreneurs but future studies are required to investigate this field. The findings of this study show the fact that the phenomenon of hybrid entrepreneurship, as an economic, managerial and social issue, is a complex, multi-dimensional and multi-variable phenomenon, and a set of factors are intertwined in its formation and escalation. These factors synergistically provide the ground for its formation and development and can even provide the ground for the reproduction of the ground for its development or destruction. The reproduction of the context means that the conditions for emergence, growth, acquisition of benefit and development will occur; It means that if there are positive results from the form of hybrid entrepreneurship, it is possible to provide the ground for the formation of other types for the contacts, activists and investors of entrepreneurship in the country. These results show that a combination of internal and external factors can contribute to the success of hybrid entrepreneurs and a hybrid entrepreneur should not only focus on external factors. In addition to the skills and financial factors that should be successful, hybrid entrepreneurs should also pay attention to their internal and personal factors and competencies, along with the help of family and friends.