Designing and Evaluating the Effect of Social Entrepreneurship Model on reducing the Problems of Child Labor (Case Study: Kermanshah City)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Economics and Entrepreneurship, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Department of Economics, Razi University

3 Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Economics and Entrepreneurship, Razi University, Kermanshah

10.22059/jed.2024.358039.654176

Abstract

Objective: The phenomenon of "working children" is a social problem that, if not paid attention to, threatens the health of a large part of the society. One of the effective measures to solve this problem is to take advantage of social entrepreneurial efforts. A subject that has received less attention from scientific societies as a result of this theoretical vacuum and correct practical experience; Policymakers and other actors often act without a specific plan and strategy, and in some cases they may have independent and even conflicting actions. The purpose of this research is to identify the spheres of social entrepreneurship, to identify the dimensions and effects of this issue and to provide a model to improve the problems of working children in Kermanshah.
Method: This research was exploratory, applied and with a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative) in 2020-2020. The data collection method is descriptive (non-experimental). The data collection tool in qualitative part of the interview is semi-structured. The study population in the qualitative section of 20 managers and experts and active individuals of NGOs, NGOs, Social Welfare Organization, Emdad Imam Committee and Kermanshah Municipality were selected by purposeful sampling method and after theoretical saturation, data were analyzed by the data-based method in three stages that are done in the data-base method (Pivotal recoding of selective coding). The approach used in this research is Strauss and Corbyn's systematic approach. In the quantitative part of the data collection tool, a researcher-made questionnaire was investigated and revised for the validity of the questionnaire using the viewpoint and guidance of the supervisor and consultant of the questionnaire in order to achieve the researcher's designed questions. McDonald's coefficient method was used for the reliability of the questionnaire and the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated 0.841. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the study included 314 organizations in Kermanshah which include: Welfare Organization, Islamic Republic of Iran's Law Force, Justice, Municipality, Labor and Social Administration, Health and Medical Education Department, Health Care Organization, Social Security Organization, Broadcasting Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Red Crescent Society, Islamic Republic of Iran, Education Department, Imam Relief Committee, Societies and Charity Associations and Non-governmental Organizations (SAMs and NGOs). Based on Morgan's table, 175 people from the same statistical population were selected for the study.
Results: In qualitative section, three causal factors, eight intervening factors, three underlying factors, four strategic factors and three factors of outcome were identified and confirmed. In the quantitative section, the value of T statistic was calculated more than 1.96 and a significant value was obtained at 95% confidence level less than 0.05 and the assumptions were accepted. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and SMART PLS software.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that social entrepreneurship has a positive and significant effect on improving the economic and social conditions of working children. The sum of influencing variables independently or in combination are effective in its formation and level of influence. The model extracted in the qualitative part has been verified in the quantitative part.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Afshani, SAR., Askari Nadushan, A., Heydari, M., Noorian Najafabadi, M. (2013). An analysis of the street-children phenomenon in the city of Isfahan. Journal of Applied Sociology, 23(4), 85-102. DOI: 20.1001.1.20085745.1391.23.4.5.4 [in Persian].
 Asadi, M., Razavi, SM., Farastkhah, M. (2011). Social entrepreneurship model in organizing street children". Entrepreneurship Development Quarterly, 4(2), 65-84 [in Persian].
Asadpour, A., Azam Azadeh, M. (2021). Meta-Analysis of Studies on the Factors Affecting the Emergence of Child Labour and Street Children. Journal of Sociology of Social Institutions, 7(16), 187-215. DOI: 10.22080/SSI.2021.3138 [in Persian]. 
Bavarsad, B., Jaldani,Sh., Ghezelbash, H. (2022). Investigating the mediating role of social entrepreneurship for social and human capital to affect operational performance, Change management research paper 13(2), 157-184. DOI: 10.22067/tmj.2022.31039.0 [in Persian].
Canestrinoa,R., Ćwiklickib,M., Maglioccac,P., Pawełekd,B. (2020). Understandin socialentrepreneurship: A cultural perspective in business research. Journal of Business Research, 110, 132-143, Maech 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.006.
Certo, S. T., & Miller, T. (2008). Social entrepreneurship: key issues and concepts. Journal Business Horizons, 51, 267—271. DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2008.02.009.
Douglas, E., Prentice, c. (2019). Innovation and profit motivation for social entrepreneurship: a fuzzy set analysis. Journal of Business Research, 99, 69–79. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.02.031.
Dwivedi,A.,Weerawardena,J. (2018).Conceptualizing and operationalizing the social entrepreneurship construct. Journal of Business Research. 86 ,32–40. DOI 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.053.
Derikvand, A., Gelard, P., Rezaian, A. (2022). Designing a corporate social entrepreneurship model: Qualitative research based on Grounded theory. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 14(4), 619-638. DOI: 0.22059/JED. 2021.321950.653642 [in Persian].
Fallah, M R., Jafari, M., Ebadi, R A. (2021). Presenting a model to investigate and explain the role of endowment on the size of the government in the economy with an emphasis on the role of social entrepreneurship, Quarterly Majles and Strategy, 27(104), 5-30 [in Persian].
Fazeli, F., Toulabi, Z., Pourashraf, YA. (2019). Identification of challenges and social strategic activities of social entrepreneurship (case study: Ilam City Social Security Organization). Quarterly Welfare planning and social development. 10(39), 29-55. DOI: 10.22054/qjsd.2019.10653 [in Persian].
Imanzadeh, A., Alipur, S. (2019). Lived experience of loneliness by Ttabriz’s labor children: a phenomenological study. Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 8(2), 204-279. DOI: 10.22059/JISR.2019.268727.770 [in Persian].
Ghouse,S., Mcelwee,G., Meaton,J., Durrah,O. (2017). Barriers to rural women entrepreneurs in Oman. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23(6), 9989-1016. DOI:  10.1108/IJEBR-02-2017-0070.
Gholami, NA. (2022). working children as a state crime ؛A detailed study to answer the structure of the phenomenon of working children .journal family law and jurisprudence, 27(76), 293-312, DOI: 10.30497/FLJ.2022.242737.1774 [in Persian].
Gigauri, I., Panait, M., Apostu, SA., Raimi, L. (2022). The Essence of Social Entrepreneurship through a Georgian Lens: Social Entrepreneurs’ Perspectives. Adm Sci, 12(3), 75; DOI: 10.3390/admsci12030075.
Kassa Kebede, S. (2015). The situation of street children in urban centers of ethiopia and the role of NGO in
addressing their socio-economic problems: the case of Hawassa city. International Journal of Academic Research in Education and Review, 3(3): 45-57. DOI: 10.14662/IJARER2015.012.
Kolakovic, M,. Turuk, M,. Turcic, I. (2018). Social Entrepreneurship: Strategic Development in Croatia. Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, 21(2), 129-143. DOI: 10.2478/zireb-2018-0018. Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb and De Gruyter Open (CONFERENCE PAPER).
Mahmoudnejad, M., Karbalai Mohammad Migouni, A., Sabet, M. (2018). Prediction of suicidal ideation and interpersonal violence among labor children based on childhood trauma, emotion regulation difficulties and callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Psychological Achievements (Educational Sciences and Psychology) 25(1), 1-22. DOI:  20.1001.1.22286144.1397.25.1.1.9 [in Persian].
Motiei, M., Dinmohammadi, T. (2022). The effect of technology knowledge on the development of social entrepreneurship with emphasis on the mediating role of social responsibility in home-based businesses. monthly iranian political sociology, 5(5), 210 - 227. DOI:  10.30510/PSI.2022.286967.1739 [in Persian].
Mair, J., Marti, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36 - 44. DOI:  10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.002
Marjani, Timor; Sadri, Seyyed Sadruddin (2014). Development of social entrepreneurship; harms, effective factors and solutions. Organizational Culture Management Quarterly, 12 (2), 277-297. DOI: 10.22059/JOMC.2014.51184 [in Persian].
Naderi, N, Khosravi, E, Azadi, H, Kermian, F, Viraf, AH, Nadiri, H. (2020). Barriers to developing social entrepreneurship in NGOs: application of grounded theory in western Iran. Journal of social entrepreneurship, 221-243.  DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1765409.
Pinzón-Rondón, ÁM., Cifuentes LB., Zuluaga C., Botero JC., Pinzon-Caicedo M. (2018). Wealth, social protection programs, and child labor in colombia: a crosssectional study. International Journal of Health Services, 48(3): 535-548. DOI: 10.1177/0020731417747421.
Rastgar, AA., Golshahi, B., Drostkar Ahmadi, N. (2018). Investigation effective factors on impowerment of street and working children: the role of social capital and social entrepreneurship. Social Development Quarterly (formerly Human Development), 12 (4), 57-78. DOI: 10.22055/QJSD.2018.13680  [in Persian].
Saebi, T., Foss, NJ., Linder, S., Linder, S. (2018). Social Entrepreneurship Research: Past Achievements and Future Promises. Journal of Management,. 45(1), 1-26. DOI: 10.1177/0149206318793196.
Sejasi Ghidari, M. (2012). Investigating the effect of social entrepreneurship on the quality of life a case study of women heads of covered households the institute "Mehrafrin Panah Asr". Master's thesis, With the guidance of Ezatullah Sam Aram. Tehran: Allameh Tabatabai University, School of Social Sciences [in Persian].
Shakuri, A. (2015). Investigating the role of non-governmental organizations in empowering street children; a case study; District 21 of Tehran. Quarterly Journal of Socio-Cultural Development Studies. 3 (3), 33-60 [in Persian].
Shekar Beigi, A., Farahani, P. (2019). Identifying the components of social entrepreneurship and investigating their role in empowering working and street children. Journal of Urban Sociological Studies. 32(9), 153-190 [in Persian].
Shishegaran, M., Hajidehabadi, MA. (2019). Investigation of cognitive victimization of working children. Yar scientific-legal Quarterly. 2 (8), 477-506 [in Persian].
Teasdale, S., Bellazzecca, E., de Bruin, A., Roy, M J. (2023). The (R)evolution of the Social Entrepreneurship Concept: A Critical Historical Review. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 52(1), 212S-24S. DOI: 10.1177/0899764022113069

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics