Entrepreneurship education in elementry schools in order to improve entrepreneurial attitude

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.A.Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran

2 faculty member

Abstract

EElementary school is important and crucial in life. As the perceived values are maintained before twenty years old, entrepreneurship education is more important in elementary schools so content of entrepreneurship education should be consistent with students’ needs and capability. To this, many countries through long and short term planning implement entrepreneurship education in formal and informal schools program. This research was done with the aim of identifying the content of entrepreneurship education in elementary schools in order to improve their entrepreneurial attitude with a qualitative approach based on in-depth interview with 9 academic experts and 2 practical experts. Findings present appropriate concepts in entrepreneurship education in elementary schools in 5 dimensions of entrepreneurial attitude including desire to achievement, personal control, creativity and innovation, self-esteem and opportunity recognition. These results help policy makers and experts in entrepreneurship education and organizers of these programs for children to provide the appropriate contents.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

استیری، ع. (1389)، ضرورت بسترسازی آموزش کارآفرینی در دورۀ ابتدایی و تبیین عناصر برنامۀ درسی آن، پایان­نامۀ ارشد، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران.
احمدی، غ. و فضائلی‌فر، ف. (1392)، تحلیل محتوای کتاب‌های آموزش حرفه‌وفن دورۀ راهنمایی براساس شاخص‌های کارآفرینی،  توسعۀ کارآفرینی، دورۀ  6(1): 183- 165.
احمدپور داریانی، م. (1378)، کارآفرینی (چاپ هفتم)، تهران: شرکت پردیس 57.
برنامۀ ملی درسی. (1391)، تهران: دبیرخانۀ شورای عالی آموزش‌وپرورش.
بهمنی، ن. (1392)، شناسایی محتوا و روش تدریس کارآفرینی با هدف تقویت نگرش کارآفرینانه در دانش­آموزان مقطع ابتدایی، پایان‌نامۀ ارشد، تهران: دانشکدۀ کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران.
جعفری مقدم، س و فخارزاده، آ. (1390)، توسعۀ نگرش کارآفرینانه در کتاب‌های درسی (مطالعۀ موردی: کتاب‌های فارسی دورۀ دبستان)،  توسعۀ کارآفرینی، 4(1): 66- 47.
حسینی‌خواه, ع. (1378)، امکان و ضرورت آموزش کارآفرینی در مدارس، مطالعات برنامۀ درسی، دورۀ 11، شمارۀ 3: 66- 94.‌
سبزه، ب. (1394)، طراحی الگوی برنامۀ درسی کارآفرینی برای کودکان پیش از دبستان و ارزشیابی آن از دیدگاه متخصصان برنامۀ درسی، کارآفرینی و مربیان، مطالعات پیش‌دبستان و دبستان، دورۀ 1، شمارۀ 1: 140- 160.‌
مبانی نظری تحول بنیادین نظام تعلیم و تربیت رسمی عمومی جمهوری اسلامی ایران. (1390)، تهران: دبیرخانۀ شورای عالی آموزش‌وپرورش.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior, Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179- 211.
Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R. and Ray, S. (2003). A Theory of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification and Development, Journal of Business venturing, 18(1), 105- 123.
Axelsson, K., Hägglund, S. and Sandberg, A. (2015). Entrepreneurial Learning in Education Preschool as a Take-Off for the Entrepreneurial Self, Journal of Education and Training, 2(2), 40- 58.
Burger, L., O'Neill, C. and Mahadea, D. (2005). The Impact of Previous Knowledge and Experience on the Entrepreneurial Attitudes of Grade 12 learners, South African journal of Education, 25(2), 89- 94.
Burnett, H. (2008). Designing and Implementing an Undergraduate Course in Entrepreneurship in Australia using Experiential and Problem-based Learning Techniques. Training and Management Development Methods, 22(5), 3- 75.
Ejiogu, A. O. and Nwajiuba, C. A. (2012). The Need for Inclusion of Entrepreneurship Education in Nigerian School Curricula, Thunderbird International Business Review, 54(1), 7- 13.
European Commission. Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. (2012). The 2012 ageing report: Underlying assumptions and projection methodologies, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Fayolle, A., Gailly, B. and Lassas-Clerc, N. (2006). Assessing the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education Programmes: a New Methodology, Journal of European Industrial Training, 30(9), 701- 720.
Gibb, A. (2006). Entrepreneurship/enterprise Education in Schools and Colleges: Are we Really Building the Onion or Peeling it Away? National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship, Working Paper, 0391- 34.
Hannon, P. D., et al. (2006). The State of Education Provision for Enterprise and Entrepreneurship: A Mapping Study of England’s HEIs.
Heilbrunn, S. (2010). Advancing Entrepreneurship in An Elementary School: A Case Study, International Education Studies, 3(2), 174.
Heinonen, J. and Poikkijoki, S. A. (2006). An Entrepreneurial-directed Approach to Entrepreneurship Education: Mission Impossible?.Journal of Management Development, 25(1), 80- 94.
Henry, C., Hill, F. and Leitch, C. (2005). Entrepreneurship Education and Training: Can Entrepreneurship be Taught? Part I. Education+ Training, 47(2), 98- 111.
Huber, L. R., Sloof, R. and Van Praag, M. (2014). The Effect of Early Entrepreneurship Education: Evidence from a Field Experiment, European Economic Review, 72(2), 76- 97.
Inglehart, R. and Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values, American sociological review, 19- 51.
Johansen, V. (2007). Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Activity, Proceedings of IntEnt 2007 – 17th Global Conference, Internationalizing Entrepreneurship Education and Training, July 8–11, in Gdansk, University of Technology, Poland.
Kourilsky, M. L. (1995). Entrepreneurship Education: Opportunity in Search of Curriculum (PP. 1- 21), Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership.
Kourilsky, M. and Walstad, W. (1998). Entrepreneurship and Female youth: Knowledge, Attitudes, Gender Differences, and Educational Practices, Journal of Business Venturing, 13(1), 77- 89.
Lindsay, W., Lindsay, N. and Jordaan, A. (2007). Investigating the Values: Entrepreneurial Attitude: Opportunity Recognition Relationship in Nascent Entrepreneurs.
Matina, E. and Colmant, M. (2009). Exploring Entrepreneurial Attitudes Towards Change Throughout the Development of the Start-up Project.
Mitra, J. and Matlay, H. (2004). Entrepreneurial and Vocational Education and Training: Lessons from Eastern and Central Europe, Industry and Higher Education, 18(1), 53- 61.
Mueller, S. L. and Thomas, A. S. (2001). Culture and Entrepreneurial Potential: A Nine Country Study of Locus of Control and Innovativeness, Journal of business venturing, 16(1), 51- 75.
Oosterbeek, H., Praag, M. and Ijsselstein, A. (2010).The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurship Skills and Motivation, European Economic Review, 54(3), 54- 442.
‌ Otuya, R., Kibas, P. and Otuya, J. (2013). A Proposed Approach for Teaching Entrepreneurship Education, Journal of Education and Practice, 4(8), 204- 210.
Paço, A. D. and Palinhas, M. J. (2011). Teaching Entrepreneurship to Children: a Case Study. Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 63(4), 593- 608.
Pfeiffer, S., Oberman-Peterka, S. and Jeger, M. (2008). Assessing Entrepreneurship Education Programs in Croatia Higher Education Area. Erenet Profile, 3 (3), 25- 35.
Pihie, Z. A. L. and Bagheri, A. (2010). Entrepreneurial Attitude and Entrepreneurial Efficacy of Technical Secondary School Students. Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 62(3), 351- 366.
Rabbior, G. (1990). Elements of a Successful Entrepreneurship/Economic/Education Program. In Entrepreneurship Education: Current developments, future Directions, ed. C.A. Kent. New York: Quorum books.
Rasheed, H. S. (2000). Developing Entrepreneurial Potential in youth: The Effects of Entrepreneurial Education and Venture Creation. Florida: University of South Florida.
Raposo, M. and Do Paço, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship Education: Relationship Between Education and Entrepreneurial Activity. Psicothema, 23(3), 453- 457.
Robinson, P. B., Stimpson, D. V., Huefner, J. C. and Hunt, H. K. (1991). An Attitude Approach to the Prediction of Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 15(4), 13- 31.
Rodrigues, R., et al. (2010). Entrepreneurship Education and the Propensity for Business Creation: Testing a Structural Model. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 9(1), 58- 73.
Rosenberg, M. J., et al. (1960). Attitude Organization and Change: An Analysis of Consistency Among Attitude Components, (Yales studies in attitude and communication.), Vol. III.
Sánchez, J. C. (2011). University Training for Entrepreneurial Competencies: Its Impact on Intention of Venture Creation, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 239- 254.
Shariff, M. N. M. and Saud, M. B. (2009). An Attitude Approach to the Prediction of Entrepreneurship on Students at Institution of Higher Learning in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(4), 129.
Stevenson, L. and Lundström, A. (2002). Beyond the Rhetoric: Defining Entrepreneurship Policy and its Best Practice Components, Örebro: Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research.
Urbano, D., Aponte, M. and Toledano, N. (2008). Doctoral Education in Entrepreneurship: a European Case Study, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(2), 336- 347

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics