The effect of glass ceiling on women's entrepreneurship index in Iranian society (Capiola functions approach)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Economics, Payame Noor University(PNU), Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Economic Sciences, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran

10.22059/jed.2025.380896.654404

Abstract

Currently, policymakers in the economic field acknowledge the significance of women's contribution towards achieving societal objectives. The glass ceiling phenomenon refers to an array of negative mindsets that hinder women's involvement in managerial tasks. Thus, this study aims to explore how the glass ceiling impacts the women's entrepreneurship index in Iranian society from 2008 to 2023 through the use of Capiola functions. The findings indicate that there is an asymmetric relationship between the research variables, with Capiola Town offering the most accurate explanation based on maximum likelihood values, Akaike information criterion, minimum mean squared error, and Nash balance in comparison to the entrepreneurship index, women in parliament, and participation rate. This finding indicates that the entrepreneurship index, the number of women in parliament, and the participation rate all have a series of positive components. According to the results obtained, a rise in the number of women in parliament and women's participation rate will result in a boost in women's entrepreneurship. Moreover, closing the gender wage gap and promoting more women to positions in parliament and on corporate boards also results in a rise in female entrepreneurship. formation criterion, minimum mean squared error, and Nash balance in comparison to the entrepreneurship index, women in parliament, and participation rate. This finding indicates that the entrepreneurship index, the number of women in parliament, and the participation rate all have a series of positive components. According to the results obtained, a rise in the number of women in parliament and women's participation rate will result in a boost in women's entrepreneurship. Moreover, closing the gender wage gap and promoting more women to positions in parliament and on corporate boards also results in a rise in female entrepreneurship. riterion, minimum mean squared error, and Nash balance in comparison to the entrepreneurship index, women in parliament, and participation rate. This finding indicates that the entrepreneurship index, the number of women in parliament, and the participation rate all have a series of positive components. According to the results obtained, a rise in the number of women in parliament and women's participation rate will result in a boost in women's entrepreneurship. Moreover, closing the gender wage gap and promoting more women to positions in parliament and on corporate boards also results in a rise in female entrepreneurship.

results obtained, a rise in the number of women in parliament and women's participation rate will result in a boost in women's entrepreneurship. Moreover, closing the gender wage gap and promoting more women to positions in parliament and on corporate boards also results in a rise in female entrepreneurship. results obtained, a rise in the number of women in parliament and women's participation rate will result in a boost in women's entrepreneurship. Moreover, closing the gender wage gap and promoting more women to positions in parliament and on corporate boards also results in a rise in female entrepreneurship.

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Entrepreneurship Development
Volume 18, Issue 1
May 2025
Pages 89-118

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