ارایه چارچوبی برای طبقه بندی شرکت های سرمایه گذاری خطرپذیر در ایران با استفاده از روش "آلکایر-فوستر" و استخراج ویژگی‌های مشترک شرکت های برتر

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی آمیخته

نویسندگان

1 مدیریت سیستم و بهره وری، مهندسی صنایع و سیستم ها، تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت سیستم و بهره‌وری، دانشکده مهندسی صنایع و سیستم‌ها، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، ارایه چارچوبی برای طبقه بندی عملکرد شرکت‌های سرمایه‌گذاری خطرپذیر و استخراج شاخصه های موثر در موفقیت آن‌ها است.
روش: با بررسی مطالعات پیشین، دو شاخص نرخ بازدهی شرکت و تعداد خروج‌های موفق استارتاپ ها از شرکت‌های سرمایه‌گذاری خطرپذیر به عنوان شاخص های ارزیابی عملکرد شرکت های سرمایه گذاری خطرپذیر انتخاب شدند. با استفاده از نظرات 5 نفر خبره فعال در حوزه سرمایه‌گذاری خطرپذیر چارچوب طبقه بندی روش آلکایر-فوستر تنظیم شد. به روش سرشماری به 35 شرکت سرمایه گذاری خطرپذیر موجود در کشور مراجعه شد و در نهایت 15 شرکت حاضر به ارایه آمار و اطلاعات لازم برای مشارکت در این تحقیق شدند.
یافته ها: بر اساس اطلاعات جمع آوری شده و در چارچوب روش ذکر شده، 4 شرکت در دسته برتر، 7 شرکت در دسته میانه و 4 شرکت نیز در دسته کمتر موفق جای گرفتند. هم چنین عوامل مؤثر بر موفقیت شرکت‌های سرمایه‌گذاری خطرپذیر نظیر شهرت شرکت، تجربه، اندازه سرمایه، مرحله پروژه، حوزه فعالیت، مجاورت جغرافیایی با شرکت‌های سرمایه‌پذیر در شرکت های برتر و کمتر موفق مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. سپس با روش کانون منفی توافق، وجوه اشتراک در هر دسته و وجوه افتراق بین دو دسته از شرکت ها تبیین شد.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که شرکت‌های برتر مورد بررسی پژوهش حاضر، سرمایه جذب‌شده زیادی دارند. شرکت‌های مذکور بیشترین سرمایه‌گذاری را در کسب‌وکارهای اینترنتی داشته‌اند و سهم زیادی از سبد سرمایه‌گذاری خود را به حوزه مشترکی از فعالیت ها نظیر فروشگاه‌های اینترنتی، آموزش، پزشکی و فناوری اطلاعات اختصاص داده‌اند؛ همچنین سابقه فعالیت زیاد، تعداد سرمایه‌گذاری زیاد و فاصله کم از شرکت‌های سرمایه‌پذیر، از دیگر عوامل موثر بر موفقیت شرکت‌های سرمایه‌گذاری خطرپذیر برتر شناسایی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A framework for the classification of Iranian venture capital (VC) firms using the "Alkier-Foster" method and extracting the common characteristics of top VC firms

نویسندگان [English]

  • hamidreza mehri 1
  • Parastoo Mohammadi 2
1 System management and productivity division, Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 System management and productivity division, Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aim: The aim of this paper is to provide a framework for classifying the performance of venture capital (VC) firms and extracting characteristics that are effective in their success.
Method: For this purpose, two key performance indicators were recognized by reviewing previous studies, including: rate of return and the number of successful exits of startups. Using the opinions of 5 experts active in the field of venture capital, the classification framework of the Alcaire-Foster method was set. Out of 35 Iranian venture capital firms, 15 firms participated in this research.
Results: Based on the collected information and in the framework of the mentioned method, 4 firms were in the top category, 7 firms were in the middle category and 4 firms were in the less successful category. Factors affecting the success of venture capital, such as reputation, experience, capital size, project stage, field of activity, geographical proximity with start-ups were studied in top and less successful firms. Then, the common characteristics of every VC category were explained by the method of negative center of agreement.
Conclusion: The obtained results show that the top VC firms have bigger size of capital. The said firms have invested the most in internet businesses and have allocated a large share of their investment portfolio to activities such as internet stores, education, medicine and information technology; Also, high activity history, large number of investments, and short distance from start-ups were identified as other factors affecting the success of top venture capital firms in Iran.A

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alcaire-Foster method
  • Investment portfolio
  • Venture capital
  • Key performance indicator
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