ارائه چارچوب خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار (BDS) شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان و نوآور

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی آمیخته

نویسندگان

1 گروه جامعه و پیشرفت پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه سیاست نوآوری و آینده نگاری، پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران

چکیده

 هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و ارائه چارچوب خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار موردنیاز شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان و نوآور انجام‌شده است.
روش: این پژوهش کاربردی است و در زمره پژوهش‌های ترکیبی (کیفی – کمی) قرار می‌گیرد که به شیوه آمیخته اکتشافی انجام‌شده است. بخش کیفی پژوهش به روش مرور سیستماتیک ادبیات انجام شد و طی یک فرایند هشت مرحله‌ای در مجموع 183 سند در بازه زمانی 2022-1975 شناسایی و پس از طی فرایند پایش اسناد در نهایت 24 سند به‌عنوان نمونه بخش کیفی انتخاب و تحلیل شد. جمع‌آوری و تحلیل داده‌ها تا رسیدن به حد اشباع نظری و تحلیل اسناد ادامه یافت. بخش کمی پژوهش نیز به‌روش توصیفی و با بهره‌گیری از شیوه پیمایش انجام شد. 96 نفر از مدیران و کارکنان شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان و همچنین مشاوران و ارائه‌دهندگان خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار به این شرکت‌ها که در سال 1401 به شرکت‌ها ارائه خدمت داشته‌اند، در پژوهش مشارکت داشتند و به‌شیوه نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. داده‌های حاصل از مرور سیستماتیک ادبیات به شیوه کدگذاری اولیه و ثانویه تحلیل شد و داده‌های گردآوری‌شده بخش کمی نیز به کمک نرم‌افزار Smart-PLS3 تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد. اعتبار بخش کیفی پژوهش با استفاده از دو معیار همسازی درونی و بیرونی و بهره‌گیری از دو تکنیک اعتبار اکولوژیکی و اعتبار اعضاء برآورد شد. در بخش کمی پژوهش نیز روایی به شیوه روایی سازه و همگرا محاسبه شد و پایایی نیز با استفاده از معیار آلفای کرونباخ، پایایی همگون و شاخص پایایی ترکیبی برآورد شد.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌های بخش کیفی در قالب شش کلان خدمت (بٌعد) و 54 جزء خدمت (مؤلفه) توسعه کسب‌وکار موردنیاز شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان و نوآور ارائه شد. یافته‌های بخش کمی نیز حاکی از آن بود که ابعاد و مؤلفه‌های احصاء شده در خصوص خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان از منظر مشارکت‌کنندگان واجد اعتبار کافی است و خدمات شناسایی‌شده از سوی مشارکت‌کنندگان در بخش کمی پژوهش حائز اهمیت ارزیابی شده‌اند.
نتیجه: این پژوهش چارچوبی را برای ارائه خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار به شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان و نوآور ارائه می‌دهد. چارچوب پیشنهادی پژوهش ضمن ارائه مجموعه‌ای متنوع از حمایت‌های مادی و معنوی موردنیاز توسعه کسب‌وکارها شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان و نوآور و می‌تواند برای سیاست‌گذاران و رهبران نهادهای دولتی که به‌دنبال حمایت از کسب‌وکارهای دانش‌بنیان و نوآور هستند مفید باشد. رویکرد آمیخته (کیفی-کمی) مورداستفاده در پژوهش چارچوب قابل اتکایی را برای توسعه حمایت سازمان‌های دولتی از کسب‌وکار دانش‌بنیان و فهم بهتر شرکت‌ها از نیازمندی‌های خود به خدمات توسعه کسب‌وکار فراهم می‌آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Providing a Business Development Service framework (BDS) for knowledge-based and innovative companies

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad khademi kolahlou 1
  • mohammad khademi kolahlou 2
  • milad pourzare 1
1 Department of Society and Progress , Technology Studies Institute,Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Inovation Policy and Foresight, Technology Studies Institute,Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and providing the framework of business development services required by knowledge-based and innovative companies..
Method: This research is applied and it is included in the category of combined research (qualitative-quantitative) that was done in a mixed exploratory way. The qualitative part of the research was conducted using the systematic literature review method, and during an eight-step process, a total of 183 documents were identified in the period of 1975-2022, and after the document monitoring process, 24 documents were finally selected and analyzed as samples of the qualitative part. Data collection and analysis continued until reaching theoretical saturation and document analysis. The quantitative part of the research was also done by descriptive method and using the survey method. 96 managers and employees of knowledge-based companies, as well as consultants and business development service providers who provided services to these companies in 2022, participated in the research and were selected by available sampling method. The data obtained from the systematic literature review were analyzed by primary and secondary coding methods, and the collected quantitative data were analyzed with the Smart-PLS3 software. The validity of the qualitative part of the research was estimated using two criteria of internal and external integration and using two techniques of ecological validity and member validity. In the quantitative part of the research, validity was calculated using construct and convergent validity, and reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha, homogenous reliability and composite reliability index.
Results: The findings of the qualitative section were presented in the form of six major service components (dimension) and 54 components of service development required by knowledge-based and innovative companies. The findings of the quantitative part also indicated that the dimensions and components counted regarding the business development services of knowledge-based companies are sufficiently valid from the perspective of the participants, and the services identified by the participants in the quantitative part of the research were evaluated as important.
Conclusion: This research provides a framework for providing business development services to knowledge-based and innovative companies. The proposed research framework, while providing a diverse set of material and spiritual support needed for the development of knowledge-based and innovative companies, can be useful for policy makers and leaders of government institutions that seek to support knowledge-based businesses. The mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative) used in the research provides a reliable framework for increasing the support of government organizations for knowledge-based business and better understanding of companies' needs to business development services.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Business
  • Development Services
  • Knowledge Base
  • Technology
  • Systematic Review
Akhmad, A. K., Karsidi, R., Rahayu, S. E., & Wijaya, M. (2018). The Role of BDS-P in Gap Reducing SMEs and Large Enterprises in Indonesia. In E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 73,, p. 10017. EDP Sciences. DOI:10.1051/e3sconf/20187310017
Alexandra, Miehlbradt, & McVay. (2003). BDS Reader: Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services. Retrieved from Geneva, Switzerland: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a397d4caa130de72260fcd88eb2a14fb0c41829e.
Alexandra, Miehlbradt, & McVay. (2005). From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor. Retrieved from Switzerland:https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---emp_ent/ ifp_seed/documents/publication/wcms_143184.pdf.
World Bank. (2001). Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention. Retrieved from: https://www.enterprise-development.org/wp-content/uploads/BDS-Guiding-Principles-2001-English.pdf.
Barton, C. (1997). Microenterprise business development services: Defining institutional options and indicators of performance. Development Alternatives Incorporated.
Brödner, P. (2008). Sustainability in knowledge-based companies Creating sustainable work systems (pp. 79-95): Routledge.
Calvino, F., Criscuolo, C., & Menon, C. (2016). No country for young firms?: Start-up dynamics and national policies. Retrieved from Paris: Doi.org/10.1787/5jm22p40c8mw-en.
Caniëls, M. C., Romijn, H. A., & de Ruijter-De Wildt, M. (2006). Can Business Development Services practitioners learn from theories of innovation and services marketing? Development in Practice, 16(5), 425-440. Doi.org/10.1080/09614520600792366
Craig, B. R., Jackson, W. E., & Thomson, J. B. (2007). Does government intervention in the small-firm credit market help economic performance? FRB of Cleveland policy discussion paper.(22). Doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1003298
Dahmen, P., & Rodríguez, E. (2014). Financial Literacy and the Success of Small Businesses: An Observation from a Small Business Development Center. Numeracy: Advancing Education in Quantitative Literacy, 7.(1). Doi:10.5038/1936-4660.7.1.3
Eshraghi, A., Miremadi, S. I., & Vesal, M. (2021). An Evaluation of the Impact of Support Policies on the Transition of Knowledge-based Firms to the Growth Stage. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 14(1), 37-53. doi:10.22034/jstp.2021.13879 .(In Persian).
Esim, S. (2001). See how they grow: Business development services for women's business growth. International Center for Research on Women (ICRW). Retrived from: https://www.icrw.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/See-How-they-Grow-Business-Development-Services-for-Womens-Business-Growth.pdf
Eurostat. (2020). Eurostat indicators on High-tech industry and Knowledge – intensive services. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/htec_esms.htm
Evans, D., & Volery, T. (2001). Online business development services for entrepreneurs: an exploratory study. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 13(4), 333-350. DOI:10.1080/08985620110052274.
Faustin, K., & Rusibana, C. (2020). Business Development Services and Financial Performance of Dairy Cooperatives: A Case Study of Selected Dairy Cooperatives in Musanze District. Journal of Business and Management, PP 09-25. DOI: 10.9790/487X-2205010925
Gera, S., & Massé, P. (1996). Employment performance in the knowledge-based economy. Retrieved from https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/economic-analysis-statistics/en/economic-research/archived-research/working-papers/working-paper-number-14-employment-performance-knowledge-based-economy .
Gholami, D., & Ramezani, A. (2017). Identifying and ranking the components affecting the failure of knowledge-based companies in Iran and its ranking by AHP technique (The Case Study: Technology and Science Park of Kermanshah). Marketing and Branding Research, 4, 348-359. (In Persian).
Goldmark, L. (1999). Sorting out the truth: The financial viability of business development services. Paper presented at the International Conference on Building a Modern and Effective BDS Industry, , Rio de Janeiro.
Goyal, S., Sergi, B. S., & Esposito, M. (2018). Business development services for micro, small and medium enterprises–literature review of past trends and future directions. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 14(3), 312-332. DOI:10.1504/WREMSD.2018.091688
Henriques, M. (1998). Business development services for SMEs: Preliminary guidelines for donor-funded interventions. World Bank, Washington DC.
Herrington, M., Kew, J. & Kew, P. (2009). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, South African report. Retrieved from http://www.gbs.nct.ac.za/gbswebb/userfiles/gemsouthafrica2000[pdf [
Hertog, P. D. (2000). Knowledge-intensive business services as co-producers of innovation. International journal of innovation management, 4(04),491.528. Doi.org/10.1142/S136391960000024X
Ibidunni, A. S., Kolawole, A. I., Olokundun, M. A., & Ogbari, M. E. (2020). Knowledge transfer and innovation performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs): An informal economy analysis. Heliyon, 6(8), e04740. DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04740.
Jalalpour, S., Talebi, K., & tabibi, S. j. (2016). Performance improvement of Iranian knowledge based firm: Identify effective factors in ‎policies and executive programs ‎. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 9(2), 199-217. doi:10.22059/jed.2016.60457
Jugend, D., Fiorini, P. D. C., Armellini, F., & Ferrari, A. G. (2020). Public support for innovation: A systematic review of the literature and implications for open innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 156, 119985. Doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119985
Khademi kolahlou, M., Morshedian, H., & Mazarei, S. H. (2023). Quantitative and qualitative monitoring of employment in knowledge-based companies.Technology Studies Institute, Iran-Tehran. (In Persian).
Khorramrouz, F., Pourmahdi Kajabadi, N., Rahiminezhad Galankashi, M., & Mokhatab Rafiei, F. (2019). Application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) in failure investigation of knowledge-based business plans. SN Applied Sciences, 1(11), 1-13. Doi:10.1007/s42452-019-1394-3
Kiveu, M., & Ofafa, G. (2013). Enhancing market access in Kenyan SMEs using ICT. Global Business and Economics Research Journal 2.9 29-46.
Kogut, B., & Zander, U. (2003). Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation. Journal of international business studies, 34, 516-529.  Doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400058.
Lee, W., & Kim, B. (2019). Business sustainability of start-ups based on government support: An empirical study of Korean start-ups. Sustainability, 11(18), 4851. Doi:10.3390/su11184851.
Lobo, A. C., Fernandes, C., Ferreira, J. J. M., & Ortiz, M. P. (2020). Factors affecting SMEs’ strategic decisions to approach international markets. European Journal of International Management, 14(4), 617-639. Doi:10.1504/EJIM.2020.107607
Love, J. H., Roper, S., & Bryson, J. R. (2011). Openness, knowledge, innovation and growth in UK business services. Research policy, 40(10) .1438-1452. Doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.05.016.
Martina, K., Hana, U., & Jiri, F. (2012). Identification of managerial competencies in knowledge-based organizations. Journal of competitiveness, 4(1), 129-142 Doi:10.7441/joc.2012.01.10.
Martini, A., Neirotti, P., & Appio, F. P. (2017). Knowledge searching, integrating and performing: always a tuned trio for innovation? Long Range Planning, 50(2), 200-220. Doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2015.12.020.
Mashombo, Winfred (2014). Factors affecting the delivery of business development services to agribusiness based micro and small enterprises in Kenya: A case study of Technoserve Kenya. (Doctoral dissertation, United States International University-Africa).
Mazanai, M., & Fatoki, O. (2011). The effectiveness of business development services providers (BDS) in improving access to debt finance by start-up SMEs in South Africa. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(4), 208-216. Doi:10.5539/ijef.v3n4p208.
Mengstie, B. (2016). Impact of business development services on performance of micro and small enterprises in East Amhara Region of Ethiopia. European Journal of Business and Management 8.4 179-187.
Mohelska, H., Sokolova, M., Cierniak-Emerych, A., & Dziuba, S. T. (2020). Employment in high-technology industries in the european union and job satisfaction-case study Czech Republic and Poland. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 33(1), 639-651. Doi:10.1080/1331677X.2019.1697723.
Muller, E., & Doloreux, D. (2009). What we should know about knowledge-intensive business services. Technology in society, 31(1), 64-72. Doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2008.10.001
Neupane, R. K. (2021). Market Development Approach: A New Paradigm in Promoting Business Development Services. Quest, 3(2), 291-306. Doi:10.3126/qjmss.v3i1.41586
Njoroge, M., & Kaluyu, V. (2020). Business Development Services Access as a Strategic Response to Market Disruption among Small and Medium Enterprises. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management 10.8, 1340-1359. Doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2020.108089
Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (2007). The knowledge-creating company. Harvard business review, 85(7/8), 162.
Nwaizugbe, C. (2010). Using marketing to leverage the performance of small and medium enterprises in Nigeria. Management in Nigeria. 36-41,(3)46.
Nwaizugbo, I., Aghara, V., & Oparah, P. (2013). Co-creating business development service: A strategic marketing approach for leveraging the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 1(3), 1-11.
OECD. (2018). Leveraging Business Development Services for SME Productivity Growth: International Experience and Implications for United Kingdom Policy. Retrieved from Paris, France: https://www.oecd.org/industry/smes/Final%20Draft%20Report_V11.pdf.
Okeyo, W. O., Gathungu, J., & Kâ, P. (2014). The effect of business development services on performance of small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Research 4.6, 12-26.
Okoli, C. (2015). A guide to conducting a standalone systematic literature review. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 37(43), 873-910. Doi:10.17705/1CAIS.03743.
Prohorovs, A., Bistrova, J., & Ten, D. (2019). Startup success factors in the capital attraction stage: Founders’ perspective. Journal of east-west business, 25(1), 26-51. Doi:10.1080/10669868.2018.1503211.
Rijneveld, W. (2006). Business development services: A sector analysis. Retrieved from: http://www.bibalex.org/search4dev/files/371995/209966.pdf
Robertson, M., Scarbrough, H., & Swan, J. (2003). Knowledge creation in professional service firms: Institutional effects. Organization Studies, 24(6), 831-857. Doi:10.1177/0170840603024006002
Ronnie, J., Neto, J. V., Quelhas, O. L. G., & de Matos Ferreira, J. J. (2017). Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS): Bibliometric analysis and their different behaviors in the scientific literature: Topic 16–Innovation and services. RAI Revista de Administração e Inovação, 14(3), 216-225. Doi.org/10.1016/j.rai.2017.05.004.
Sandelowski, M., Barroso, J., & Voils, C. I. (2007). Using qualitative metasummary to synthesize qualitative and quantitative descriptive findings. Research in nursing & health, 30(1), 99-111. Doi: 10.1002/nur.20176.
Sarwar, H. (2013). Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Economic Development: The UNİDO Experience. Industrial Development Officer UNIDO, Vienna.
Shafee nikabadi, M., & Ghchknlu, S. (2015). Impact of science and technology parks service quality on growth and innovative performance of firms located in parks (Pardis Technology Park Case study). Roshd -e- Fanavari, 43(11), 1-10. doi:10.7508/jstpi.2015.03.006 . (In Persian)
Sievers, M., & Vandenberg, P. (2007). Synergies through linkages: Who benefits from linking micro-finance and business development services? World development, 35(8), 1341-1358. Doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.04.002
Simpson, P. M., Siguaw, J. A., & Enz, C. A. (2006). Innovation orientation outcomes: The good and the bad. Journal of Business Research, 59 .1141-1133,(11-10). Doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.08.001.
Soto-Acosta, P., Popa, S., & Palacios-Marqués, D. (2016). E-business, organizational innovation and firm performance in manufacturing SMEs: an empirical study in Spain. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 22(6), 885-904. Doi:10.3846/20294913.2015.1074126.
Stangler, D., & Litan, R. E. (2009). Where will the jobs come from? Retrieved from united state: https://www.cdfa.net/cdfa/cdfaweb.nsf/ord/29f84c02bd0606bb8825793600678989/%24file/where_will_the_jobs_come_from.pdf. Doi:10.2139/ssrn.1580139.
Subramaniam, M., & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities. Academy of Management journal, 48(3), 450-463. Doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.17407911.
UNDP. (2004). Business development services: How to guideUnited Nation Development Program. Bratislava Regional Center. Retrieved from: http://www.pintoconsulting.de/Images/pdf/10_business_dev_services_2004.pdf
Walker, K. (2010). A systematic review of the corporate reputation literature: Definition, measurement, and theory. Corporate reputation review, 12, 357-387.Doi.org/10.1057/crr.2009.26.
Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & Van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS quarterly, 177-195. Doi:10.2307/20650284
Wiśniewska, S., & Wiśniewski, K. (2012). Human resources management in a knowledge-based organization. Economics and Management, 17(4), 1620-1626. Doi:10.5755/j01.em.17.4.3037.
Zack, M., McKeen, J., & Singh, S. (2009). Knowledge management and organizational performance: an exploratory analysis. Journal of knowledge management, 13(6), 392-409. Doi:10.1108/13673270910997088.