چالش های پیش روی توسعه مدل های کسب و کار فین تک؛ مرور سیستماتیک ادبیات

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 گروه حسابداری، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 گروه حسابداری، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با بررسی چالش‌های مدل‌های کسب و کار فین‌ تک و ترسیم مدل پارادایمی از روابط بین چالش‌ها، سعی در پر نمودن شکاف علمی این حوزه دارد.
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف بنیادی و به لحاظ گردآوری و تحلیل داده‌ها، مرور سیستماتیک ادبیات است. بدین منظور با مراجعه به مقالات انگلیسی و فارسی منتشر شده در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی معتبر خارجی و داخلی، در تمامی پهنه‌های مکانی و در طی سال‌های1393 تا بهمن ماه 1400 (2014 – 2021)، از میان انبوه مقالات اولیه، 44 مقاله علمی- پژوهشی و مروری به روش نمونه‌گیری حذفی (غربالگری) شناسایی گردید و به منظور تحلیل مقالات منتخب جهت شناسایی و رتبه بندی کدها و مفاهیم از تحلیل محتوای آنتروپی شانون استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: ترکیب یافته های حاصل از مرور سیستماتیک و تحلیل محتوای کیفی 44 مقاله منتخب به برجسته شدن 24 مفهوم از ترکیب 38 کد انجامید و مواردی که از وزن بیشتری برخوردار بودند به عنوان چالش‎ های مستقل شناسایی شده و سایر مقوله‎ ها به عنوان مفاهیم وابسته، در زیرمجموعه مقوله‎ های اصلی قرار گرفتند. این فرآیند به پدیدار شدن هشت دسته از چالش ‎های اصلی مدل‌ های کسب و کار فین ‎تک منجر شد که هرکدام به جنبه‎ های متفاوتی از مشکلات توسعه‎ای اشاره داشته و روابط موجود بین ابعاد این چالش ها در قالب یک الگوی پارادایمی نمایش داده شد. بر اساس این نمودار، مسائل نظارت بر عملکرد، مشکلات غیراخلاقی سازمانی، حمایت از سرمایه گذاران، جلب اعتماد مشتری، مسائل مالی، ریسک های عملیاتی و تکنولوژیکی، تأمین امنیت و ماهیت رقابتی محیط کسب و کار مهم ‌ترین چالش هایی هستند که شرکت‌ های فین تک در قرن حاضر با آن مواجه اند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که هرچند گسترش فین ‌تک ها مزایای فراوانی برای جوامع کنونی به همراه دارد؛ اما نوظهور بودن صنعت، توسعه آن را با موانع مهمی مواجه ساخته است که شناخت چالش‌ها را جهت غلبه بر آنان الزامی می‌سازد. بر این اساس، چالش‌های نظارتی ناشی از ضعف عملکردی نهادهای حاکم و فقدان قوانین متناسب با محیط تکنولوژیکی، مسبب اصلی بسیاری از مسائل اخلاقی همچون تقلب وکلاهبرداری است که ضعف زیرساخت‌های تکنولوژیکی و ماهیت فنی آنان، آسیب پذیری اجزای پلتفرم ها را در مقابل حملات سایبری تشدید نموده و تامین امنیت داده‌های شخصی کاربران را مختل می‌نماید که در نتیجه، جلب اعتماد مشتریان و سرمایه‎گذاران را دشوار می‌سازد. از سوی دیگر موانع موجود در محیط کسب و کار همچون رقابت با بانک‌ها و کمبود نیروی انسانی کارآمد، فرآیند ایجاد پایگاه‌های مشتری و جذب سرمایه‌گذاران با مشکل مواجه ساخته و تامین مالی و کسب درآمد این پلتفرم‌ها را دشوار می‌نماید. به ‌عبارتی، چالش‌های ناشی از عوامل نظارتی در نهایت به مشکلات مالی و تامین منابع سرمایه‎ای ختم شده و عاقبت ناکامی و انحطاط را برای این شرکت‎ها به دنبال دارد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Challenges Facing the Development of Fintech Business Models: A Systematic Literature Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Neda Ramzbari 1
  • Alireza Fazlzadeh 2
  • Sajad Nagdi 2
  • Vahid Ahmadian 3
1 Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz< Iran.
2 Accounting Department, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics & Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: Most of the foreign and domestic academic investigations have been limited to the general introduction of fundamental concepts of Fintech business models, and comprehensive research of their challenges has not been presented through the review methods. Therefore, the aim of present study is to fill the scientific gap in this area by reviewing the challenges of each Fintech business model and depicting a paradigm model of their relationship to create a conceptual network between studies.
Methods: In line with the research objectives, this research has used the systematic literature review (SLR). Each systematic review consists of eight main steps. For this purpose, by referring to English and Persian articles published in valid foreign and domestic databases, in all spatial zones and in the period of 2014-2021, the large number of initial articles were identified. By obtaining 44 articles eligible for the entry criteria, among screening sampling method, a systematic review of the research was started and with the help of qualitative content analysis, the intended semantic codes were extracted. Then, with the help of inference, which is the main research tool in content analysis; Extracted codes of synthesis and concepts related to the theoretical body of fintech challenges were obtained. In order to analyze the selected articles, Shannon's entropy content analysis method has been used for identifying and ranking the codes and concepts. Also, to clarify whether the categories obtained from the challenges of foreign platforms are generalizable to other developing countries, such as Iran; The related domestic scientific literature was referred to in order to obtain more reliable results by comparing the findings of these two categories.
Findings: According to the findings obtained from the review of forty four selected articles, twenty four concepts from combination of thirty eight codes led to the emergence of eight categories of main challenges of fintech business models which are presented in the form of paradigm model with different dimensions of Fintech challenges. Based on this diagram, regulation, immoral problems, customer support, gaining customer trust, financial problems, technology, safety and business environment are the most important challenges that fintech companies are facing in this century.
Conclusion: Results show that the lack of a detailed regulatory framework by governing institutions, along with the problems of information security and existing operational risks, has faced the development of Fintech business models with significant challenges. In other words, the challenges caused by the regulatory factors eventually end up in financial problems and the provision of capital resources, and ultimately result in failure and decline for these companies. In addition to all the challenges of fintech development in the international environment, economic sanctions, lack of support for inventions, inefficient and insufficient human resources and inaccessibility of capital sources are special problems that makes development process of Iranian fintechs harder than it is.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • business model
  • challenge
  • financial technology
  • fintech
  • systematic review

مراجع

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