Investigation of the entrepreneurial intention of Payame Noor University students and its determinants

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Entrepreneurship is considered as an appropriate approach to accelerate economic development and provide employment opportunities. With this regard, entrepreneurial intention is the main determinant factor in deciding to be an entrepreneur. In order to obtain sufficient knowledge about entrepreneurship and its determinants, entrepreneurial intention of Payame Noor University students was studied. An integration of theory of planned behavior, entrepreneurial event, and Davidson’s models were adapted to clarify the most crucial elements of entrepreneurial intention. A stratified random sampling technique was used to collect a representative sample of university students. In this survey, a total of 161 students were interviewed using a questionnaire. The results indicated that the entrepreneurial intention of engineering, management and business students (EMB) is significantly higher than the other majors. In addition, the study identified general attitudes, attitudes toward entrepreneurship, self-efficacy and vicarious experience are the most relevant factors explaining entrepreneurial intentions of EMB students. While for the Non-EMB students, general attitudes, self-efficacy and subjective norms are the main determinants of entrepreneurial intentions. Accordingly, a number of considerations about developing intentions towards entrepreneurship are recommended.

Keywords

References

امینی، م.، تمنایی‌فر، م. و غلامی علوی، ص. (1392). "ارزیابی قابلیت‌های کارآفرینی دانشجویان؛ بازاندیشی در مأموریت‌های برنامه‌ی درسی آموزش عالی". فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی، ش. 1، ص. 164-145.  
بارانی، ش.، زرافشانی، ک.، دل انگیزان، س. و حسینی لرگانی، م. (1389). "تأثیر آموزش کارآفرینی بر رفتار کارآفرینانه دانشجویان دانشگاه پیام نور کرمانشاه: رویکرد مدلسازی معادله ساختاری". فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی در آموزش عالی، ش. 57، ص. 105-85.
خبرگزاری مجلس شورای اسلامی (1390). نرخ بیکاری دانش آموختگان آموزش عالی بالاتر از 18 درصد است. قابل بازیابی از طریق http://icana.ir/fa/news/170588.     
رستمی، ف.، گراوندی، ش. و زرافشانی، ک. (1390). "پدیدارشناسی تجربیات دانشجویان در تأسیس کسب و کار: مورد مطالعه دانشجویان پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه". فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی، ش. 14، ص. 106-87.
عربیون، ا.، عبدالله‌زاده، غ. و شریف‌زاده، ا. (1388). "تبیین عوامل موثر بر گرایش کارآفرینانه دانشجویان". فصلنامه اقتصاد و تجارت نوین، ش. 17، ص. 157-138.  
عربیون، ا.، عبدالله‌زاده، غ.، شریف‌زاده، ا. و محسنی، ا. (1389). "شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی شاخص‌های تعیین‌کننده کارآفرینی کسب و کارها". فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی، ش. 8، ص. 98-65.
کردنائیج، ا.، احمدی، پ.، قربانی، ز. و نیاکان لاهیجی، ن. (1391). "بررسی ویژگی‌های دانشگاه کارآفرین در دانشگاه تربیت مدرس". فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی، ش. 3، ص. 64-47. 
کردنائیج، ا.، زالی، م. و بهامین، م. (1392). "راهکارهای ساختاری توسعه کارآفرینی در ایران". فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی، ش. 2، ص. 114-95.
کریمی،س.، بیمنز، ه.، چیذری، م. و مولدر، م. (1391). "بررسی تاثیر عوامل محیطی و فرهنگی بر قصد کارآفرینانه‌ی دانشجویان کشاورزی". فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی، ش. 3، ص. 124-105.
مرادی، ح. و شعبانعلی فمی، ح. (1389). "شناسایی قابلیت‌های کارآفرینی (مطالعه موردی: دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین اهواز)". فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی، ش. 8، ص. 161-141.
Ajzen, I. (1991). “The theory of planned behavior”, Organizational Behavior and human Decision Processes, 50(2): 179-211.
Audretsch, D.B. (2002). Entrepreneurship: Determinants and Policy in a European-US Comparison, Boston: Kluwer Academic.
Audretsch, D.B. and Keilbach, M. (2005). “Entrepreneurship capital and regional growth”, Annual Regional Sciences, 39: 457-469.
Autio, E., Keeley, R.H., Klofsten, M., Parker, G.G.C. and Hay, M. (2001). “Entrepreneurial intent among students in Scandinavia and the USA”, Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies, 2(2):145-160.
Baltes, P.B., Lindenberger, U. and Staudinger, U. (2006). “Life span theory in developmental psychology”. In: Lerner, R.M. (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical Models of Human Development, pp. 569-664, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Brannback, M., Krueger, N.F., Carsrud, A.L. and Kickul, J. (2007). “Trying’ to be an entrepreneur? A ‘goal-specific’ challenge to the intentions model”. Paper presented at the Babson Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Madrid, 2007.
Byer, T., Kist, H. and Sutton, R.I. (1997). “Characteristics of entrepreneur: Social creatures, not solo heroes”. Prepared for Drof, R.C. (ed.), The Handbook of Technology Management, Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC.      
Central Intelligence Agency (2012). CIA: World Factbook 2013, USA: CIA.
Crant, M.J. (1996). “The proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions”. Journal of Small Business Management, 34(3): 42-49.
Davidsson, P. (1995). “Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions”. paper presented at the RENT LX Workshop, Nov. 23-24, Piacenza, Italy.
Fayolle, A. and Gailly, B. (2004). “Using the theory of planned behavior to assess entrepreneurship teaching programs: A first experimentation”. IntEnt2004 Conference, Naples, Italy, 5-7 July.
Guerrero, M., Rialp, J. and Urbano, D. (2008). “The impacts of desirability and feasibility on entrepreneurial intentions: A structural equation model”, International Entrepreneurial Management Journal, 4: 35-50.
Krueger, N. and Brazeal, D.V. (1994). “Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3): 91-104.
Krueger, N. and Carsrud, A. (1993). “Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behavior”, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 5(4): 315-330.
Krueger, N., Reilly, M.D. and Carsrud, A.L. (2000). “Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Business Venturing, 15 (5-6): 411-432.
Linan, F. (2005). “Development and validation of an Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ)”, IntEnt05 Conference, Guildford, United Kingdom, 10-13 July.
Linan, F. and Chen, Y.W. (2009). “Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3): 593-617.
Linan, F., Rodrigues-Cohard, J.C. and Rueda-Cantuche, J.M. (2005). “Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels”, 45th Congress of the European Regional Science Association, Aug. 23-25, Amsterdam.
Linan, F., Rodrigues-Cohard, J.C. and Rueda-Cantuche, J.M. (2011). “Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: A role for education”, International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, 7: 195-218.
McClelland, D. (1961). The Achieving Society, Princeton: NJ. Van Nostrand.
Minniti, M. and Bygrave, W. (2003). US Global entrepreneurship Monitor: 2003 Executive Report. Retrieved August 9 from http://www.kauffman. org/pdf/gem_2003_us_report.pdf.
Moriano, J.A., Palaci, F.J. and Morales, J.F. (2006). The entrepreneurial intention of university students in Spain, UNED, Spain.    
Oosterbeek, H., Van Praag, M. and Ljsselstein, A. (2010). “The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation”. European Economic Review, 54: 442-454.
Oztekin, A., Kong, Z.J. and Delen, D. (2011). “Development of a structural equation modeling-based decision tree methodology for the analysis of lung transplantations”, Decision Support Systems, 51: 155-166.
Paramond, S. (2004). “Attitude towards entrepreneurship in organizations”, The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 13(1): 53-68.
Peterman, N.E. and Kennedy, J. (2003). “Enterprise education: Influencing students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(2): 129-144.
Rauch, A. and Frese, M. (2007). “Let’s put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners’ personality traits, business creation, and success”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(4): 353-385.
Robinson, P.B., Stimpson, D., Huefner, J.C. and Hunt, H.K. (1991). “An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15(4): 13-31.
Scheaffer, R.L., Mendenhall, W. and Ott, L. (1979). Elementary Survey Sampling. Duxbuy Press.
Shapero, A. and Sokol, L. (1982). “Social dimensions of entrepreneurship”. In: Kent, C., Sexton, D. and Vesper, C. (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
Shaver, K.G. and Scott, L.R. (1991). “Person, process, choice: The psychology of new venture creation”, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, Winter, 23-45.
Tan, W.L., Long, A. and Robinson, P. (1996). “Entrepreneurship attitude orientation and the intention to start a business”, Journal of Small Business Management, 13(4): 50-61.
Thompson, E.R. (2009). “Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3): 669-694.
Tkachev, A. and Kolvereid, L. (1999). “Self-employment intentions among Russian students”, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 11(3): 269-280.
Turker, D. and Selcuk, S.S. (2009). “Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of university students”? Journal of European Industrial Training, 33(2): 142-159.
Van Gelderen, M., Brand, M. Van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E. and Gils, A. (2006). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behavior, Research working papers series, 2: 1-33. 
Veciana, J.M., Aponte, M. and Urbano, D. (2005). “University students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship: A two countries comparison”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(2): 165-182.
Wagner, J. and Sternberg, R. (2004). “Start-up activities, individual characteristics, and the regional milieu: Lessons for entrepreneurship support policies from German micro data”, Annals of Regional Science, 38(2): 219-240.
Xavier, S.R., Kelley, D., Kew, J., Harrington, M. and Vorderwulbecke, A. (2012). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2012 Global Report, Global Entrepreneurship Research Association.
Yi, M.Y. and Davis, F.D. (2003). “Developing and validating an observational learning model of computer software training and skill acquisition”, Information Systems Research, 14(2):146-169.
Zain, M.A., Akram, A.M. and Ghani, E.D. (2010). “Entrepreneurship intention among Malaysian business students”, Canadian Social Science, 6(3): 34-44.  
Journal of Entrepreneurship Development
Volume 7, Issue 3 - Serial Number 25
October 2014
Pages 529-548

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics