تحلیل نقش و سازوکار نقش آفرینی کارآفرینان سیاستی در حکمرانی با تاکید بر تجارب موفق جهانی

Objective: The present research has investigated the role and role-making mechanism of policy entrepreneurs in governance with emphasis on some successful global experiences.
Method: For this purpose, documentary method and qualitative content analysis were used; The statistical population is all previous researches in the field of policy entrepreneurship. The statistical sample consists of all the documents related to the role and role-making mechanism of policy entrepreneurs, which has been selected with a purposeful approach. In this way, the researcher searched for relevant keywords in domestic and foreign websites to extract authentic articles and reports in this regard. In this selection process, no time limit was considered for searching. In the search for internal articles, only articles published in journals that are in the list of valid journals of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology were considered. Duplicate documents were identified and removed. This stage led to finding 154 scientific documents in the field of "policy entrepreneurship". Then, in the last step of this stage, the extracted documents were screened. Finally, after screening, 49 documents were selected for review and further investigation. From among these documents, according to the geographical area of the countries, one or more countries from each continent were selected and analyzed, and finally 11 countries from the 5 continents of the world were selected for further investigation. Finally, the text of these documents was analyzed using open and axial coding.
Results: The findings showed that policy entrepreneurs have certain characteristics and skills such as social intelligence, ambition, resistance and perseverance, personal, professional and ideological interest, strong motivation, resourcefulness, high energy, creativity, sociability, expertise in the relevant policy field, credibility. Social and having political awareness, managerial leadership ability and communication skills and abilities. The findings also showed that background factors are necessary for the role of political entrepreneurs in governance. Among these factors are social factors (including cooperation and companionship of citizens and elected officials and recognition of the effects and motivations of experts in policy making), political factors (including values related to democratic governance, shared governance, the government's understanding of political risk, conditions the opening of the policy window and interest of the stakeholders and being affected by the policy), institutional-structural factors (including the existence of intermediary organizations and institutions to help in the formation of the network, formal and informal operating procedure and special rules encouraging the process of policy development and media coverage) and also the existence Entrepreneurial ecosystem network relationships pointed out. In addition to contextual factors, entrepreneurs use strategies such as problem-building, networking, persuasion, using media coverage and strategic information dissemination, group leadership, creating partnerships, research, evaluation and expert opinion, political activation, and resource mobilization to play a role in governance. Interacting with stakeholders and giving them more governance.
Conclusion: In general, it can be said that if there are background conditions along with individual and social skills and entrepreneurial policy strategies, entrepreneurs will succeed in playing a role in governance.