شاکله دانش در نظریه توانمندسازی کارآفرینانه فقرا: یک تحلیل وسیع علم‏‏‏سنجی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی - کمی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشیار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران

3 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

4 استادیار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

توانمندسازی کارآفرینی تاکنون کمتر به‏عنوان رویکرد اساسی فقرزدایی پایدار مطرح شده ‏است. توانمندسازی کارآفرینانه فقرا در ادبیات به دو صورت «توانمندسازی فقرا برای کارآفرینی» یا «توانمندسازی فقرا در اثر کارآفرینی» تعریف شده؛ با این حال، تبیین نظری جامعی برای توانمندسازی کارآفرینانه فقرا و اطلاع دقیقی از پیکره دانش آن وجود ندارد. این پژوهش که برحسب هدف کاربردی و برحسب گردآوری اطلاعات توصیفی- اسنادی است، سعی دارد شاکله دانش تضمین‏شده توانمندسازی کارآفرینانه فقرا را دررابطه با مؤلفه‏های نظری آن شناسایی نماید. بدین‏منظور، ابتدا بر اساس تعاریف موجود در ادبیات، سه مؤلفه نظری: نهادها، عاملیت کارآفرینانه و پیامدها، کشف شد. سپس پیکره دانش توانمندسازی کارآفرینانه فقرا، با جستجوی واژگان مرتبط با توانمندسازی، کارآفرینی، فقر/فقیر در موضوع مقالات پایگاه دبلیو.او.اس. (WoS) برای دوره 2019-1970 گردآوری، و به روش علم‏سنجی و با نرم­افزار سایت‏نت‏اکسپلورر (CitNetExplorer) شناسایی شد. یافته‏های این پژوهش شامل بر تعیین شاخص‏های کتابسنجی حوزه، معرفی شش خوشه­ی دانش «تأمین مالی خرد»، « جامعه پایه هرم»، «قصد و انگیزه کارآفرینی»، «کاربرد فناوری و زیرساخت»، «سازماندهی نوآوری و بازاریابی شرکت‌های فقرا»، و«کارآفرینی زنان»؛ و سپس تبیین شاکله دانش موجود مطابق با دو مؤلفه نهادها و عاملیت کارآفرینانه بود. عدم تشکیل برخی خوشه‏های مورد انتظار، با جستجو در پایگاه‏های عمومی­تر دانش مورد بحث قرار گرفت. تطبیق پیکره دانش با مؤلفه­های نظریه توانمندسازی کارآفرینانه فقرا، مشارکت‏های مورد نیاز برای توسعه دانش و نظریه را مشخص می‏سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Body of Knowledge in Theory of Entrepreneurial Empowerment of the Poor: An Extensive Scientometric Analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • AmirHossayn Shafieian 1
  • Ghanbar Mohammadi Elyasi 2
  • Mahmoud Ahmadpour Dariyani 2
  • Sayed Ehsan Khandoozi 3
  • Hamid Padash 4
1 Development Department, Entrepreneurship Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty of Entrepreneurship. University of Tehran. Tehran. Iran
3 Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Faculty Member, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran
چکیده [English]

Entrepreneurial empowerment is less regarded as a vital approach to sustainable poverty reduction. The literature defines entrepreneurial empowerment of the poor as either “empowering the poor for entrepreneurship” or “empowering the poor through entrepreneurship”. However, there is neither a comprehensive theoretical explanation nor a clear understanding about the body of knowledge on the entrepreneurial empowerment of the poor. This study, practical in the purpose and descriptive - documentary in data collection, aims to identify the body of certified knowledge on entrepreneurial empowerment of the poor in relation to its theoretical components. To do this, we first found three theoretical components based on the definitions in the literature: institutions, entrepreneurial agency, and outcomes. Then, we recognized the body of knowledge, by searching for keywords related to empowerment, entrepreneurship, poor and poverty in the WoS database through an extensive scientometric analysis over the period 1970-2019, using the CitNetExplorer software. Findings consisted of identifying bibliometric indices; introducing six knowledge clusters, including micro-finance, base-of-the-pyramid, entrepreneurial impetus, technology and infrastructure, organizing innovation and marketing of the poor's businesses, and female entrepreneurship. And accordingly, explaining the body of knowledge in relation to institutions and entrepreneurial agency. Besides, we researched in more general scientific databases to learn why some expected knowledge clusters were not discovered. Connecting the body of knowledge to the theoretical components identifies scientific and theoretical contributions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • body of knowledge
  • CitNetExplorer
  • entrepreneurial empowerment of the poor
  • scientometric analysis
  • theoretical factor

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