تأثیر قابلیت جذب، سرمایة اجتماعی و قابلیت مدیریتی بر عملکرد کسب‌وکارهای فرانچایزی(مطالعة واحدهای فرانچایزی حوزة فست‌فود در ایران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی - کمی

نویسندگان

دکتری کارآفرینی و بازاریابی صنعتی، دانشگاه لینشوپینگ سوئد

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر، بسیاری از افراد در صنایع مختلف از راهبرد فرانچایزی به‌منظور توسعه و راه‌اندازی کسب‌وکار استفاده کرده‌اند. با توجه به کمبود اتخاذ دیدگاه فرانچایزی و نیز اهمیت قابلیت‌های منتسب به آن‌ها در ارائة عملکرد مطلوب، این تحقیق تأثیر قابلیت جذب، سرمایة اجتماعی و نیز قابلیت مدیریتی را بر عملکرد واحدها بررسی کرده است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از منظر روش گردآوری داده‌ها توصیفی- همبستگی است که داده‌های آن به‌صورت تصادفی از 122 فرانچایزی فعال در حوزة فست‌فود در ایران گردآوری شده‌اند. داده‌های تحقیق با استفاده از مدل معادلات ساختاری و با بهره‌گیری از نرم‌افزار AMOS 22 تجزیه و تحلیل شده است. نتایج نشان می‌‌دهد ظرفیت جذب، سرمایة اجتماعی و نیز قابلیت‌های مدیریتی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر عملکرد فرانچایزی‌ها داشته است. همچنین، رقابت‌پذیری محیطی موجب تقویت تأثیر ظرفیت جذب و قابلیت‌های مدیریتی بر عملکرد فرانچایزی‌ها می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of absorptive capacity, social capital and managerial capabilities in franchise businesses (The case of Iranian fast-food franchisees)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Asgharian
  • Mojtaba Hoseini
PhD , Entrepreneurship and Industrial marketing, Linköping University, Sweden
چکیده [English]

Abstract:
During the last years, franchising strategy has been considered for developing and running a business in a variety of industries. Give the lack of franchisee perspective, and the importance of franchisee’s capabilities in demonstrating the better performance, this study examines the role of absorptive capacity, social capital and managerial capabilities in franchisees’ performance. By taking a quantitative approach, this study collected the data from 122 franchisees in fast-food industry in Iran. Structural equation modeling (Aarstad et al.), based on AMOS 22 software is used to analysis the data in the study. The result of the study shows absorptive capacity, social capital, and managerial capability significantly affects the franchisee’s performance. Moreover, environmental competitiveness moderates the relationship between absorptive capacity, managerial capabilities, and performance in franchised outlets.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Franchise business
  • Absorptive Capacity
  • managerial capability
  • Social capital
  • performance
Aarstad, J., Haugland, S. A., & Greve, A. (2010). Performance spillover effects in entrepreneurial networks: Assessing a dyadic theory of social capital. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 34(5), 1003-1019.
Adler. (1965). Absorptive Capacity: The Concept and its Determinants. Washington: Brookings Institution.
Anderson, Brian S., & Eshima, Yoshihiro. (2013). The influence of firm age and intangible resources on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm growth among Japanese SMEs. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 413-429.
Barney, J. B. (2001). Is the resource-based "view" a useful perspective for strategic management research? Yes. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 41-56.
Barney, Jay. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.
Barney, Jay B. (2001). Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: A ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view. Journal of Management, 27(6), 643-650.
Bergh, Donald D., & Lim, Elizabeth Ngah-Kiing. (2008). Learning how to restructure: absorptive capacity and improvisational views of restructuring actions and performance. Strategic Management Journal, 29(6), 593-616
Chandler, Gaylen N., & Hanks, Steven H. (1994). Founder Competence, the Environment, and Venture Performance. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 18(3), 77-89.
Chien, S. Y. (2014). Franchisor resources, spousal resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and performance in a couple-owned franchise outlet. Management Decision, 52(5), 916-933.
Cohen, Wesley M., & Levinthal, Daniel A. (1990). Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128-152.
Combs, J. G., Ketchen, D. J., & Hoover, V. L. (2004). A strategic groups approach to the franchising-performance relationship. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(6), 877-897.
Combs, J. G., Ketchen, D. J., Shook, C. L., & Short, J. C. (2011). Antecedents and Consequences of Franchising: Past Accomplishments and Future Challenges. Journal of Management, 37(1), 99-126
Croonen, Evelien P. M., & Brand, Maryse J. (2013). Antecedents of Franchisee Trust. Journal of Marketing Channels, 20(1-2), 141-168.
Dada, Olufunmilola, & Watson, Anna. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and the franchise system. European Journal of Marketing, 47(5/6), 790-812.
Darr, E. D., Argote, L., & Epple, D. (1995). The acquisition, transfer, and depreciation of knowledge in service organizations: Productivity in franchises. Management Science, 41(11), 1750-1762.
Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(3), 301-331.
Dyer, Jeffrey H. (1996). Specialized supplier networks as a source of competitive advantage: evidence from the auto industry. Strategic Management Journal, 17(4), 271-291.
Eisenhardt, Kathleen M., & Martin, Jeffrey A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: what are they? Strategic Management Journal, 21(10/11), 1105-1121.
Felício, J. Augusto, Duarte, Margarida, Caldeirinha, Vítor, & Rodrigues, Ricardo. (2014). Franchisee-based brand equity and performance. The Service Industries Journal, 34(9-10), 757-771.
Flatten, Tessa Christina, Greve, Greta Isabell, & Brettel, Malte. (2011). Absorptive Capacity and Firm Performance in SMEs: The Mediating Influence of Strategic Alliances. European Management Review, 8(3), 137-152.
Florin, J., Lubatkin, M., & Schulze, W. (2003). A social capital model of high-growth ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 46(3), 374-384.
Fornell, Claes, & Larcker, David F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
George, Gerard, Zahra, Shaker A., Wheatley, Kathleen K., & Khan, Raihan. (2001). The effects of alliance portfolio characteristics and absorptive capacity on performance: A study of biotechnology firms. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 12(2), 205-226.
Gillis, William E., Combs, James G., & Ketchen, David J. (2014). Using Resource-Based Theory to Help Explain Plural Form Franchising. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(3), 449-472.
Hormiga, Esther, Batista-Canino, Rosa M., & Sánchez-Medina, Agustín. (2011). The Impact of Relational Capital on the Success of New Business Start-Ups. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(4), 617-638.
Hsu, L. T., & Jang, S. (2009). Effects of restaurant franchising: Does an optimal franchise proportion exist? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(2), 204-211.
Jambulingam, T., & Nevin, J. R. (1999). Influence of franchisee selection criteria on outcomes desired by the franchisor. Journal of Business Venturing, 14(4), 363-395.
Jansen, Justin J. P., Bosch, Frans A. J. Van Den, & Volberda, Henk W. (2006). Exploratory Innovation, Exploitative Innovation, and Performance: Effects of Organizational Antecedents and Environmental Moderators. Management Science, 52(11), 1661-1674.
Jansen, Justin J. P., Van Den Bosch, Frans A. J., & Volberda, Henk W. (2005). Managing potential and realized absorptive capacity: how do organizational antecedents matter? Academy of Management Journal, 48(6), 999-1015.
Kale, Prashant, Dyer, Jeffrey H., & Singh, Harbir. (2002). Alliance capability, stock market response, and long-term alliance success: the role of the alliance function. Strategic Management Journal, 23(8), 747-767.
Kaufmann, P. J., & Eroglu, S. (1999). Standardization and adaptation in business format franchising. Journal of Business Venturing, 14(1), 69-85.
Keh, Hean Tat, Nguyen, Thi Tuyet Mai, & Ng, Hwei Ping. (2007). The effects of entrepreneurial orientation and marketing information on the performance of SMEs. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 592-611.
Lane, Peter J., & Lubatkin, Michael. (1998). Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning. Strategic Management Journal, 19(5), 461-477.
Lavie, Dovev. (2006). The competitive advantage of interconnected firms: an extension of the resource-based view. Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 638-658.
Lev, Sara, Fiegenbaum, Avi, & Shoham, Aviv. (2009). Managing absorptive capacity stocks to improve performance: Empirical evidence from the turbulent environment of Israeli hospitals. European Management Journal, 27(1), 13-25.
Li, H., & Atuahene-Gima, K. (2001). Product innovation strategy and the performance of new technology ventures in China. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6), 1123-1134.
Liao, Jiawen, Welsch, Harold, & Stoica, Michael. (2003). Organizational Absorptive Capacity and Responsiveness: An Empirical Investigation of Growth-Oriented SMEs. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 28(1), 63-85.
Mellewigt, Thomas, Ehrmann, Thomas, & Decker, Carolin. (2011). How Does the Franchisor's Choice of Different Control Mechanisms Affect Franchisees’ and Employee-Managers’ Satisfaction? Journal of Retailing, 87(3), 320-331.
Merrilees, B., & Frazer, L. (2006). Entrepreneurial franchisees have hidden superior marketing systems. Qualitative Market Research, 9(1), 73-85.
Michael, Steven C. (2003). First mover advantage through franchising. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), 61-80.
Michael, Steven C., & Combs, James G. (2008). Entrepreneurial Failure: The Case of Franchisees. Journal of Small Business Management, 46(1), 73-90.
Nahapiet, Janine, & Ghoshal, Sumantra. (1998). Social capital intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
Newbert, Scott L. (2007). Empirical research on the resource-based view of the firm: an assessment and suggestions for future research. Strategic Management Journal, 28(2), 121-146.
O'Cass, Aron, & Weerawardena, Jay. (2010). The effects of perceived industry competitive intensity and marketing-related capabilities: Drivers of superior brand performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 39(4), 571-581.
Paswan, A. K., D'Souza, D., & Rajamma, R. K. (2014). Value co-creation through knowledge exchange in franchising. Journal of Services Marketing, 28(2), 116-125.
Perdreau, Frédéric, Le Nadant, Anne-Laure, & Cliquet, Gérard. (2015). Human Capital Intangibles and Performance of Franchise Networks: A Complementary View between Agency and Critical Resource Perspectives. Managerial and Decision Economics, 36(2), 121-138.
Peris-Ortiz, Marta, Willoughby, Michael, & Rueda-Armengot, Carlos. (2012). Performance in franchising: the effects of different management styles. Service Industries Journal, 32(16), 2507-2525.
Pirolo, L., & Presutti, M. (2010). The impact of social capital on the start-ups' performance growth. Journal of Small Business Management, 48(2), 197-227.
Prajapati, K., & Biswas, S. N. (2011). Effect of Entrepreneur Network and Entrepreneur Self-efficacy on Subjective Performance: A Study of Handicraft and Handloom Cluster. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 20(2), 227-247.
Rajagopal. (2007). Optimising franchisee sales and business performance. Journal of Retail & Leisure Property, 6(4), 341-360.
Ramírez-Hurtado, J. M., Guerrero-Casas, F. M., & Rondán-Cataluña, F. J. (2011). Criteria used in the selection of franchisees: An application in the service industry. Service Business, 5(1), 47-67.
Rauch, Andreas, Wiklund, Johan, Lumpkin, G. T., & Frese, Michael. (2009). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: An Assessment of Past Research and Suggestions for the Future. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 33(3), 761-787.
Rouse, Michael J., & Daellenbach, Urs S. (1999). Rethinking research methods for the resource-based perspective: isolating sources of sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 20(5), 487-494.
Schroeder, Roger G., Bates, Kimberly A., & Junttila, Mikko A. (2002). A resource-based view of manufacturing strategy and the relationship to manufacturing performance. Strategic Management Journal, 23(2), 105-117.
Segarra-Ciprés, M., Roca-Puig, V., & Bou-Llusar, J. C. (2014). External knowledge acquisition and innovation output: An analysis of the moderating effect of internal knowledge transfer. Knowledge Management Research and Practice, 12(2), 203-214.
Stam, Wouter, Arzlanian, Souren, & Elfring, Tom. (2014). Social capital of entrepreneurs and small firm performance: A meta-analysis of contextual and methodological moderators. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 152-173.
Stanworth, J., Stanworth, C., Watson, A., Purdy, D., & Healeas, S. (2004). Franchising as a small business growth strategy - A resource-based view of organizational development. International Small Business Journal, 22(6), 539-559.
Zahra, Shaker A., & George, Gerard. (2002). Absorptive capacity: a review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review, 27(2), 185-203.