واکاوی کیفی تجارب زنان از راه اندازی کسب‌وکارهای خانوادگی کوچک (مورد مطالعه: شهر اصفهان)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

10.22059/jed.2026.403062.654587

چکیده

هدف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر واکاوی تجارب زنان از راه‌اندازی کسب‌وکارهای خانوادگی کوچک است. علیرغم تأکید فزاینده بر کسب‌وکارهای خانوادگی و گسترش روزافزون آن‌ها در سطح جهان و حتی افزایش پژوهش‌های ایرانی در رابطه با این نوع کسب‌وکارها، مطالعات ناچیزی در مورد جنبه‌های مختلف تجارب زنان (شامل انگیزه‌ها، چالش‌ها و فرصت‌ها، و دلالت‌ها) از راه‌اندازی این نوع کسب‌وکارها وجود دارد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر پر کردن این خلأ پژوهشی است.

روش: این پژوهش با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون استقرایی انجام گرفت. میدان پژوهش حاضر شهر اصفهان و کسب‌وکارهای خانوادگی کوچک فعال در این شهر است. با توجه به فقدان آمار از کم و کیف مشاغل خانوادگی کوچک و توزیع و پراکندگی جغرافیایی این مشاغل در سطح شهرستان، نمونه‌ها با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و گلوله برفی و حضور در بازارچه‌های فروش محصولات مشاغل خانگی شناسایی شدند. مشارکت‌کنندگان شامل 40 نفر از زنانی بودند که در سه دسته از فعالیت‌های اقتصادی یعنی گروه غذایی، پوشاک و صنایع‌دستی مشغول به فعالیت بودند. این زنان عمدتاً مسئولیت اصلی این کسب‌وکارها را بر عهده داشتند و حداقل با یکی از اعضای خانواده و یا سایر اعضای خویشاوند یا غیر خویشاوند در داخل منزل یا بیرون از منزل مشغول به فعالیت اقتصادی بودند. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختمند به‌صورت حضوری یا تلفنی گردآوری شدند و با رویکرد 6 مرحله‌ای توصیه‌شده براون و کلارک (2006) و با کمک و نرم‌افزار MAXQDA تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. برای اعتبار یابی نیز از روش‌های مرسوم اعتبار یابی استفاده شد. همچنین مراحل مختلف جمع‌آوری و تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با رعایت دقیق ملاحظات اخلاقی و حقوق مشارکت‌کنندگان صورت گرفت.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که راه‌اندازی کسب‌وکارهای خانوادگی کوچک توسط زنان، ناشی ترکیبی از دو دسته از انگیزه‌های درونی و بیرونی بوده است. مهم‌ترین انگیزه درونی زنان وجود علاقه و اشتیاق درونی، پیشینه آموزشی و پیشینه خانوادگی و مهم‌ترین انگیزه‌های بیرونی شامل نیاز به بقا، کسب سود از طریق شناسایی فرصت‌ و انعطاف‌پذیری این نوع کسب‌وکارها بودند. در ادامه نتایج نشان داد که ورود زنان به عرصه اقتصادی و راه‌اندازی کسب‌وکارهای خانوادگی کوچک چهره‌ای دوگانه دارد به‌طوری‌که در کنار مزیت‌ها و فرصت‌هایی که برای زنان فراهم می‌آورد چالش‌هایی را نیز برای آن‌ها به همراه داشته است. علی‌رغم این چالش‌ها، اغلب مشارکت‌کنندگان بر این باور بودند که ورود آن‌ها به کسب‌وکارهای خانوادگی کوچک در ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی و روانی موجب افزایش احساس توانمندی زنان شده است.

نتیجه: با توجه به یافته‌های این پژوهش، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که راه‌اندازی کسب‌وکارهای خانوادگی کوچک توسط زنان، پدیده‌ای پویا و چندبعدی است که ریشه در ترکیبی از انگیزه‌های درونی و بیرونی دارد. اگرچه این مسیر با چالش‌های خاص خود همراه است، اما شبکه حمایتی خانواده و انعطاف‌پذیری ذاتی این مدل کسب‌وکار، بستری را فراهم می‌کند که درنهایت دستاوردهای توانمند ساز آن بر دشواری‌ها غلبه می‌کند. این دستاوردها می‌تواند زنان را به بازیگران فعال و مؤثری در عرصه اقتصاد خانواده و جامعه تبدیل کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Qualitative Exploring Womens Experiences through Establishing Small Family Businesses: (Case study: Isfahn city)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Hemmati
  • Niloofar Saeedi
Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Isfahan, Isfahan
چکیده [English]

Objective: This study aims to explore the women experiences through establishing small family businesses. Despite the increasing emphasis on family businesses and their global expansion—and even the growing body of Iranian research on various aspects of such enterprises— few studies have examined the role of women, their motivations for entering this business type, the associated challenges and opportunities, and its broader implications for women. This study seeks to address this research gap.

Method: Employing a qualitative research design, this study utilised thematic analysis as its primary methodological approach. The research was conducted in Isfahan, focusing on small local family businesses. Due to the lack of comprehensive statistics regarding their number, quality, and geographical distribution, purposive and snowball sampling techniques were employed to identify participants. This was facilitated through direct engagement in ets selling home-based business products in Isfahan. The study participants comprised 40 women operating in three distinct sectors: food, clothing, and handicrafts. These women held primary responsibility for their businesses and conducted their economic activities alongside at least one family member, relative, or non-relative, either within or outside the home. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, conducted in person or via telephone, and analysed using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-step thematic analysis framework with the assistance of MaxQDA software. Standard validation techniques were applied to ensure the reliability of the findings. Furthermore, all phases of data collection and analysis adhered strictly to ethical considerations and the protection of participants' rights.

Results: The results indicated that starting a family business stemmed from a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. The most significant intrinsic motivations for women were personal interest and enthusiasm, as well as educational and family background. The primary extrinsic motivations included the need for financial survival, profit-making through identified opportunities, and the flexibility offered by this business model. The findings further revealed that women's entry into the economic arena through small family businesses presents a dual-faced reality; while it provides advantages and opportunities, it also introduces significant challenges. Nevertheless, most participants believed that engaging in small family businesses enhanced their sense of empowerment and improved their quality of life across economic, social, and psychological dimensions.

Conclusion: Based on the study's findings, it can be concluded that the initiation of small family businesses by women is a dynamic and multifaceted phenomenon driven by a blend of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Although this entrepreneurial path entails specific challenges, the support network provided by the family and the inherent flexibility of the business model create a platform where its empowering outcomes ultimately outweigh the difficulties. These outcomes position women as active and effective participants in both family and community economies.These outcomes position women as active and effective participants in both family and community economies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Small family businesses
  • push and pull factors
  • role conflict
  • silent burnout
  • sense of empowerment

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فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توسعه کارآفرینی
دوره 19، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 199-226

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