Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran Journal of Entrepreneurship Development 2008-2266 14 1 2021 05 22 Openness in Process Innovation: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda Openness in Process Innovation: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda 158 139 81970 10.22059/jed.2020.307293.653427 FA Saeed Nayeri Phd. Student- Organizational Entrepreneurship - Faculty of Entrepreneurship - University of Tehran 0000-0002-9565-8299 Sayed Reza Hejazi Faculty of Entrepreneurship - University of Tehran 0000-0002-9816-5537 Kamal Sakhdari Faculty of Entrepreneurship - University of Tehran 0000-0003-3869-9577 Journal Article 2020 10 26 In this paper, we examine how the openness in firms’ boundaries is feasible when doing process innovation and what determines this open process innovation. So, we consolidated previous researches on process innovation through a precise systematic review of the 68 researches published between 2001 and 2020; then we synthesized various research-based findings to a comprehensive framework about OPI attributes and pillars. OPI attributes presents four main themes as technology intensity, significance, magnitude and locus of exploitation. OPI pillars is consistent of mechanisms, partners, achievments and antecedents. Finally, we argued missing links in the literature and provided future research agenda, according to three main paths: 1) to use more variety of methods - changing quantitative dominance to qualitative and multi-method approaches; 2) to emphasize development and testing; 3) to conduct more cross-national and cross-sectoral studies. In this paper, we examine how the openness in firms’ boundaries is feasible when doing process innovation and what determines this open process innovation. So, we consolidated previous researches on process innovation through a precise systematic review of the 68 researches published between 2001 and 2020; then we synthesized various research-based findings to a comprehensive framework about OPI attributes and pillars. OPI attributes presents four main themes as technology intensity, significance, magnitude and locus of exploitation. OPI pillars is consistent of mechanisms, partners, achievments and antecedents. Finally, we argued missing links in the literature and provided future research agenda, according to three main paths: 1) to use more variety of methods - changing quantitative dominance to qualitative and multi-method approaches; 2) to emphasize development and testing; 3) to conduct more cross-national and cross-sectoral studies. https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_81970_152b95230a5411428a3d2d5f885f4fb6.pdf