ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identifying and Grading Factors Affecting New Ventures Valuation by Venture Capitalists
The new venture valuation is an important issue in the field of venture capital because it determines the ownership percentage of the venture capital in the investee firm. As a result, it is the main challenge in investment negotiations between entrepreneur and potential investors. This study aims to identify and grade factors affecting new ventures valuation by venture capitalists through a descriptive design and qualitative method. The population under this study consists of all venture capital firms. 12 factors were drawn out as the findings of 11 semi-structured interviews with experts of the industry. In the next step, we assessed the influence of each factor on another, by means of interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The factors ‘academic and proficiency background’ and ‘professional experience’ were in the upper level (L4), means the most influential, and ‘bargaining power’ was in the lowst level (L1), means the most dependent. 10 other factors were among other levels.
https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_58791_673e717ed92865016d8a5173ad627cfe.pdf
2016-02-20
591
609
10.22059/jed.2016.58791
Valuation
Venture capital
new ventures
Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)
hasti
Chitsazan
chitsazan@ut.ac.ir
1
استادیار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehran
Rezvani
m.rezvani@ut.ac.ir
2
استادیار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Reza
Bafekr
rezabafekr@gmail.com
3
دانشجوی کارشناشی ارشد دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
اسلامی بیدگلی، غلامرضا، احمدی اول، مرتضی (1389)، "بررسی عوامل اثرگذار بر ارزیابی طرحهای کارآفرینانه در شرکتهای سرمایهگذاری خطرپذیر"، فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی، 8، 129-120.
1
ایمانیپور، نرگس، عزیزی، حسن (1390)، "تحلیل اجزای فرایند تشکیلدهنده فرایند سرمایهگذاری خطر پذیر در ایران"، فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی، 12، 103-85.
2
راجرز، استیون (1393)، مالی برای کارآفرینان، ترجمه هستی چیتسازان و سلیمان عبداللهپور، تهران: انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی.
3
رضاییزاده، مرتضی، انصاری، محسن، عارفی، محبوبه، مورفی، ایمون (1391)، "تعیین محدوده و ترتیب ارائه برنامه درسی برای ارتقای قابلیتهای دانشجویان با استفاده از روش مدلیابی ساختاری تفسیری"، فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی، 15، 184-165.
4
متریک، اندرو، یاسودا، ایاکو (1391)، سرمایهگذاری مخاطرهآمیز و تأمین مالی نوآوری، ترجمه رضا جمالی و فردیس صمصامی، تهران: گروه مالی و سرمایهگذاری شریف.
5
Achleitner, A.K., & Nathusius, E. (2003), “Bewertung von Unternehmen bei Venture-Capital-Finanzierungen”, EF Working Paper Series, No. 02-03.
6
Agarwal, A., Shankar, R., & Tiwari, M.K. (2007), “Modeling agility ofsupply chain”, Industrial Marketing Management, 36, 443 – 457.
7
Amis, D., Stevenson, H., & von Liechtenstein, H. (2003), Winning Angels, Muenchen: Signum.
8
Amit, R., Brander, J. & Zott, C. (1998), “Why do venture capital firms exist? Theory and Canadian evidence”, Journal of Business Venturing, 13(6), 441-466.
9
Armstrong, C., Davila, A. & Foster, G. (2006), “Venture-backed private equity valuation and financial statement information”, Review of Accounting Studies, 11(1), 119-54.
10
Baum, J., & Oliver, C. (1991), “Institutional linkages and organizational mortality”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 187–218.
11
Beaton, N.J. (2010), Valuing Early Stage and Venture-Backed Companies, 1st ed., Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
12
Boer, P. (2003), “Risk-adjusted valuation of R&D projects”, Research TechnologyManagement; 46(5), 58-77.
13
Brealey, R., Myers, S., & Allen, F. (2007), Principles of corporate finance, New York: McGrawHill.
14
Clercq, D., Fried, H., Lehtonen, O., & Sapienza, H. (2006), “An entrepreneur’s guide to the venture capital galaxy”, Academy of Management Perspectives, 20, 90–112.
15
Cumming, D., & Dai, N. (2011), “Fund size, limited attention and valuation of venture capital backed firms”, Journal of Empirical Finance, 18(1), 2-15.
16
Engel, R. (2003), Seed-Finanzierung wachstumsorientientierter Unternehmensgründungen. Sternenfels: Wissenschaft & Praxis.
17
Feeney, L., Haines, G.H., & Riding, A.L. (1999), “Private investors’ investment criteria: insights from qualitative data”, Venture Capital, 1, 121-145.
18
Gompers, P., & Lerner. J. (2000), “Money chasing deals? The impact of fund inflows on the valuation of private equity investments”, Journal of Financial Economics, 55(2), 281-325.
19
Hand, J. R. M., (2005), “The value relevance of financial statements in the venture capital market”, The Accounting Review, 80, 613-648.
20
Haines, G. H., Madill, J., & Riding, A. L. (2003), “Informal Investment in Canada: Financing Small Business Growth”, Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 16, 13-40.
21
Heughebaert, A. & Manigart, S. (2012), “Firm Valuation in Venture Capital Financing Rounds: the Role ofInvestor Bargaining Power”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 39(3-4), 500–530.
22
Huang, J., Tzeng G., Ong Ch. (2005), “Multidimensional data in multidimensional scaling using the analytic network process”, Pattern Recognition Letters, 26, 755-767.
23
Inderst, R., & Mueller, H. (2004), “The effect of capital market characteristics on the value of start-up firms”, Journal of Financial Economics, 72(2), 319-56.
24
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25
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26
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27
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28
Maxwell, A.L., Jeffrey, S.A., & Levesque, M. (2011), “Business angel early stage decision making", Journal of Business Venturing, 26(2), 212-225.
29
Miloud, T., Aspelund, A., & Cabrol, M. (2012), “Startup valuation by venture capitalists: an empirical study”, Venture Capital, 14(2-3), 151-174.
30
Sage A. P. (1977), Interpretive structural modeling: Methodology for large-scale systems, New York: McGraw-Hil.
31
Sanders, W. G., & Boivie, S. (2004), “Sorting Things Out: Valuation of New Firms in Uncertain Markets”, Strategic Management Journal, 25, 167-186.
32
Sorensen, M. (2007), “How smart is smart money? A two-sided matching model of venture capital”, The Journal of Finance, 62(6), 2725-62.
33
Steffens, P. R., & Douglas, E. J. (2007), “Valuing technology investments: use real options thinking but forget real options valuation”, International Journal of Technoentrepreneurship,1(1), 50-77.
34
Stuart, T. E., Hoang, H., & Hybels, R. C. (1999), “Interorganizational endorsements and the performance of entrepreneurial ventures”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 315–349.
35
Sudek, R. (2006), “Angel investment criteria”, Journal of Small Business Strategy, 17, 89-103.
36
Tyebjee, T., & Bruno, A. (1984), “A model of venture capitalist investment activity”, Management Science, 30, 1051–66.
37
Van Osnabrugge, M., & Robinson, R.J. (2000), Angel Investing: Matching Start-up Funds with Start-up Companies: The Guide forEntrepreneurs, Individual Investors, and Venture Capitalist, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
38
Warfield J.N. (1974), “Toward interpretation of complex structural modeling”, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernet, 4 (5), 405-417.
39
Zacharakis, A., Erikson, T. & Bradley, G. (2010), “Conflict between the VC and entrepreneur: The entrepreneurs’ perspective”, Venture Capital, 12, 109–26.
40
Zhang, J. (2011), “The advantage of experienced start-up founders in venture capital acquisition: evidence from serial entrepreneurs”, Small Business Economics, 36, 187-208.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identification and Analysis of Entrepreneurial Strategies in Selected Food Industries
Finding strategies for gaining superior resources and creating entrepreneurial rent is the main purpose of this research. Here we use resource based view as a lens for finding this type of strategies. For conducting this research, qualitative methods were used and qualitative research questionnaire was formed based on Peteraf model. Finally a total of 8 strategies have been identified and analyzed through interviews with entrepreneurs in selected food industries. These strategies are: Forming Alliances, using Local Potentials, Creative Imitation, Open Innovation, Growth from small-scale, Franchise, Focus Strategy and Entry by acquisition. Findings are expected to improve weak entrepreneurial strategy literature.
https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_58808_5f374865cda061ab3a0725b1cd141b7d.pdf
2016-02-20
611
629
10.22059/jed.2016.58808
entrepreneurial strategies
Food industries
resource-based view
Competitive Advantage
qualitative research method
کیهان
اسدی سی سخت
ksisakht@gmail.com
1
کارشناس ارشد دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
کامبیز
طالبی
kambeizt@gmail.com
2
دانشیار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
سید رسول
حسینی
hosseinirasul@yahoo.com
3
استادیار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Alvarez, S. A., & Busenitz, L. W. (2001). The entrepreneurship of resource- based theory. Journal of management, 27(6), 755-775.
1
Amit, R. H., Brigham, K., & Markman, G. D. (2000). Entrepreneurial management as strategy. Entrepreneurship as strategy: Competing on the entrepreneurial edge, 83-89.
2
Barney, J. B. (1986). Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy. Management science, 32(10), 1231-1241.
3
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), 99-120.
4
Bhide, A. V. (2003). The origin and evolution of new businesses. Oxford University Press.
5
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications.
6
Drucker, P. F., & Wilson, G. (2001). The essential drucker (Vol. 81). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
7
Fernández, E., Montes, J. M., & Vázquez, C. J. (2000). Typology and strategic analysis of intangible resources: A resource-based approach. Technovation, 20(2), 81-92.
8
Foss, N. J., & Lyngsie, J. (2011). The Emerging strategic entrepreneurship field: Origins, key tenets, and research gaps. Edward Elgar.
9
Galbreath, J. (2005). Which resources matter the most to firm success? An exploratory study of resource-based theory. Technovation, 25(9), 979-987.
10
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Camp, S. M., & Sexton, D. L. (2001). Strategic entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial strategies for wealth creation. Strategic management journal, 22(6‐7), 479-491.
11
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Sirmon, D. G., & Trahms, C. A. (2011). Strategic entrepreneurship: creating value for individuals, organizations, and society. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(2), 57-75.
12
Mintzberg, H., & Waters, J. A. (1982). Tracking strategy in an entrepreneurial firm1. Academy of management journal, 25(3), 465-499.
13
Peteraf, M. A. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: a resource‐based view. Strategic management journal, 14(3), 179-191.
14
Porter, M. E. (1990). Why are firms successful. In Fundamental Issues in Strategy Conference, Napa.
15
Rumelt, R. 1984. Thwards a strategic theory of the firm. In R. Lamb (Ed.), Competitive Strategic Management: 556-570. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
16
Rumelt, R. P. (1987). Theory, strategy, and entrepreneurship. The competitive challenge, 137, 158.
17
Schoonhoven, C. B., & Romanelli, E. (2001). Emergent themes and the next wave of entrepreneurship research. The entrepreneurship dynamic: Origins of entrepreneurship and the evolution of industries, 3834108.
18
Seppanen, M., & Makinen, S. (2007). Towards a classification of resources for the business model concept. International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy, 2(4), 389-404.
19
Shane, S. A. (2003). A general theory of entrepreneurship: The individual-opportunity nexus.
20
Sisakht, K. A., Orumieh, S. J., & Talebi, K. (2014).Identification and Analysis of Entrepreneurial Strategies Preserving Schumpeterian Rent. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 2(1).
21
Sonfield, M. C., & Lussier, R. N. (1997). The entrepreneurial strategy matrix: A model for new and ongoing ventures. Business Horizons, 40(3), 73-77.
22
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage Publications, Inc.
23
Van Rensburg, D. J. (2013). Is Strategic Entrepreneurship a Pleonasm?. Journal of Management and Strategy, 4(1), 15.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the effecting factors on franchisors' ambidexterity
One of the essential challenges franchisors encounter is achieving a balance between the opposing activities of standardization (products and services) and adaptation (local preferences). This is called ambidexterity in the literature of organizational studies. While the literature on franchising provides little insight into ambidexterity, this research investigates factors affecting ambidexterity and performance. This research is practical in goal and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The data was collected using a survey questionnaire, filled with 63 franchisors, and analyzed using the Smartpls2 software. The results indicate that plural model, network portfolio management capability, growth orientation and market diversity positively affect franchisors' ambidexterity. Contrary to our expectations, contract flexibility does not influence ambidexterity in franchisors. The findings also show that ambidexterity holds a positive impact on the firm's performance.
https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_58797_d147449dcc981bd8961c2c9960ef4b98.pdf
2016-02-20
631
648
10.22059/jed.2016.58797
Organizational Ambidexterity
franchising
Standardization
Adaptation
Performance
Kamal
Sakhdari
kasakhdari@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشکده کارافرینی دانشگاه تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Babak
Ziyae
bziyae@ut.ac.ir
2
دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Johariyan Zadeh
f.joharianzadeh@gmail.com
3
دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Impact of Structure of Industrial Clusters on Entrepreneurship in Enterprises of Clusters
Case Study: Isfahan's Precious Metals and Gemstones Cluster
The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of industrial structure of clusters on entrepreneurship in business clusters (case study: valuable metals and precious stones of Isfahan's clusters). The relevant population is Isfahan clusters of valuable metals and precious stones. Number of population is over than 300enterprises. According to the formula of sampling structural equation modeling and according to the number of questions in questionnaire, sample size assigned 160 and random sampling method was used for sampling and questionnaires were distributed among the population and 145 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The Tool of collecting data was questionnaire that was compiled by the researcher content validity; construct validity and reliability were confirmed. Results show that structure of clusters has appositive effect on entrepreneurship in cluster and entrepreneurship in cluster has appositive effect on increase of innovation, knowledge transfer and decrease of Operational and investment costs.
https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_58805_ab8df3ffa677c1b5d76f775b2833bda4.pdf
2016-02-20
649
668
10.22059/jed.2016.58805
Entrepreneurship
Structure of Cluster
Internal Relationships
Innovation
knowledge transfer
Ali
Safari
mokhtarian_maryam@yahoo.com
1
استادیار گروه مدیریت دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد دانشگاه اصفهان
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Mokhtarian
a.safari28@gmail.com
2
کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت کارآفرینی گرایش کسب و کار جدید دانشگاه اصفهان
AUTHOR
Hosein
Rezaei dolat abadi
ho.rezaei@gmail.com
3
استادیار گروه مدیریت دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد دانشگاه اصفهان
AUTHOR
اسفندیاری، ع، و ساکیان، م (1388) «تجزیه و تحلیل زنجیرههای تولیدی و خوشههای صنعتی، مطالعهی موردی استان خوزستان»، نامة اقتصادی، جلد 5، شماره 2، صص 129-146.
1
اکس، ز.ج، (1383)، نقش صنایع کوچک در اقتصاد مدرن، ترجمه، جهانگیر مجیدی، تهران: مؤسسه فرهنگی صبا، چاپ دوم.
2
بیکزاده، ج، تیرانداز، ح، (1388)، «خوشههای صنعتی و توسعة صنایع کوچک»، تدبیر، شماره 212، صص 49-52.
3
دینمحمدی، م، دلانگیزان، س، صادقی، ز (1385). «خوشهبندی فضا صنایع با فناوری برتر و تأثیر آن بر توسعه فناوری»، دومین همایش دوسالانة آموزش عالی و اشتغال، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران.
4
رفعت، ب، نصراللّهی، خ، مؤمنپور، م، (1392)، «ارزیابی رقابت پذیری بنگاههای کوچک و متوسط کشور با رویکرد عضویت در سازمان جهانی تجارت (مطالعه موردی: صنایع الکترونیک و مدار چاپی پارس قم)»، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه اصفهان.
5
روانستان، ک (1391). «چالشهای مدیریتی توسعه خوشههای کسب وکار»، کنفرانس ملی کارآفرینی و مدیریت کسبوکارهای دانش بنیان، صص 1-19.
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شوال پور، س (1386). «بررسی پتانسیلهای اشتغال زایی خوشههای کسبوکار، و تدوین راهبردها و الزامات اجرایی استفاده از آن با تأکید بر زیر بخشهای گردشگری، نساجی و فرش». کار و جامعه. شماره 89 و 90. 26-33.
7
طالبی، ک، ایمانیپور، ن، عباسی بنی، ص (1391) » شناسایی و اولویت بندی راهبردهای رشد کسبوکارهای کوچک و متوسط فعال در خوشهة صنعتی گز بلداجی»، توسعه کارآفرینی، دوره 5، شماره 3، صص 165-183.
8
عقیلی، ف، طیبی، ک، زمانی، ز، ابراهیمی، ن، (1391)، «اثر کارآفرینی و توسعه بنگاههای کوچک و متوسط بر اشتغال: تجربة چند کشور منتخب در حال توسعه»، توسعه کارآفرینی، سال پنجم، صص: 35-55.
9
فارسیجانی، ح، عالمتبریز، آ،، فرزد، ف، میرباقری، ه (1392) «گونه شناسی دیدگاههای عاملین توسعه خوشههای صنعتی با محوریت عوامل مؤثر برعملکرد»، چشمانداز مدیریت صنعتی، شماره 10. صص:35-55.
10
فارسیجانی، ح، حبیبی، ل، و سلطانی، ه (1390) «نقش خوشههای صنعتی بنگاههای تولیدی کوچک و متوسط در دستیابی به تولید در کلاس جهانی، مطالعه موردی: خوشه طلای تهران» چشم انداز مدیریت بازرگانی، شماره 8، صص 47-64.
11
قاسمی، و (1392) مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری در پژوهشهلی اجتماعی با کاربرد Amos Graphic، تهران، انتشارات جامعهشناسان.
12
مقیمی، م، احمدپور داریانی، م (1387) «آموزش کارآفرینی در کسبوکارهای کوچک و متوسط ایران: نیازها و راهکارها»، توسعه کارآفرینی، سال اول، شماره اول، صص 207-245.
13
هادی زنوز، ب، و برمکی، آ، (1391) «شناسایی خوشههای صنعتی استان تهران» فصلنامه اقتصاد مقداری (بررسیهای اقتصادی سابق)، دوره 8، شماره 1، بهار 1390، صص 1-22.
14
Anderson, G (1994). Industry clustering for economic development, Economic Development Review, 12(2), 26–32.
15
Baptista, R, and Swann, P (1998). "Do firms in Cluster Innovate More" Research Policy, 27(6): 525- 540.
16
Brenner, T, and Gildner, A (2006)." The Long-Term Implication of Local Industrial Clusters" European Planning Studies, Vol 14, No 9, PP: 1315-1328.
17
Casanueva, C, Castro, G, and Galán,J. (2013). "Informational networks and innovation in mature industrial clusters". Journal of Business Research, 66. 603-613.
18
Felzensztein, C. Stringer, C. Benson-Rea, M. Freeman, S (2014). " International marketing strategies in industrial clusters: Insights from the Southern Hemisphere",Journal of Business Research, 67(5).837-846.
19
Gnyawali, D, and Srivastava, M (2013). "Complementary effects of clusters and networks on firm innovation: A conceptual model, J. Eng", Technol Manage, 30. 1-20.
20
Hoffmann, V, Lopes, G, and Medeiros, J (2014),"Knowledge transfer among the small businesses of a Brazilian cluster", Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 856-864.
21
Iammarino, S, and McCann, P (2006)."The structure and evolution of industrial clusters: Transactions, technology and knowledge spillovers", Research Policy, 35. 1018-1036.
22
Jin, X, Weber, K, and Bauer, T (2012). " Impact of clusters on exhibition destination attractiveness: Evidence from Mainland China", Tourism Management, 33, 1429-1439.
23
Kotler, P, (2000), Marketing management (10th ed.), Prentice-Hall: New Jersey.
24
Lai, Y, Hsu, M, Lin, F, Chen, Y, and Lin,Y. (2014),"The effects of industry cluster knowledge management on innovation performance", Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 734-739.
25
Marshall, A, (1920). Principles of Economics, 8th ed, Macmillan, London.
26
Maskell, P. (2002). Towards a Knowledge Based Theory of the Geografical Cluster, Industrial and corporate change, 10(4), P.921-943.
27
Nie, P. & Sun, P. (2014) "Search costs generating industrial clusters", Cities, 42. 268-273.
28
Olson, K, (1998). Strategic clustering, Executive Excellence, 15(12), 16.
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Park.J, Lee, H, and Park, Y. (2009),"Disembodied knowledge flows among industrial clusters: A patent analysis of the Korean manufacturing sector", Technology in Society, 31, 73-84.
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Porter, M. E, (1990). The competitive advantages of nations, The Free Press.
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Porter, M. E (2000). Location, Competition, and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy”; Economic Development Quarterly, February; vol. 14 no. 1, 15-34.
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Silva, C. M. M. (2005). Transferência de conhecimento entre empresas calçadistas aglomeradas territorialmente na (…) – RS (Master of Science dissertation) Biguaçu, SC, Brasil: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Recognizing and Modeling Facilitator Characteristics on Rreflective Learning in Habitual Entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurial learning is one of the most important focuses of entrepreneurship literature. Since entrepreneurs always have a pragmatic personality, they tend to reflectively learn from their own and others’ experiences. Reflective learning as a cognitive process roots in individuals’ personality characteristics. Therefore, it is important to know which of these personalities’ characteristics positively facilitate entrepreneurs’ reflective learning. Identifying and highlighting these personality traits can, in turn, facilitate designing an effective educational framework for developing entrepreneurs’ reflective learning ability. In order to reach this objective, the current study sought to answer to this question that “which Characteristics habitual entrepreneurs need to possess in order to learn reflectively?”. Further to this question, the current study explored the interdependencies amongst those personality traits highlighting the cause-and-effect relationships amongst them. Using semi-structured interviews and Interactive Management (IM) methods, 25 habitual Iranian entrepreneurs were engaged with this research and shared their thoughts and experienced with each other in a highly focused and structured system of collective intelligence brainstorming. The results of the current study indicate that ‘Positivity’, ‘Structured Mindset’, and ‘Job engagement’ are the most effective and influential personality traits which positively affect and facilitate reflective learning in entrepreneurs. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are outlined in the manuscript.Keywords: entrepreneur's reflective learning, characteristics, facilitator characteristics, habitual entrepreneurs.
https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_58806_1da8bc6c2afa816f08a2a51fd04d5952.pdf
2016-02-20
669
687
10.22059/jed.2016.58806
entrepreneur's reflective learning
characteristics
facilitating characteristics
habitual entrepreneurs
شنه
حسین پناهی
sh.h.panahi@gmail.com
1
دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
قنبر
محمدی الیاسی
elyasi@ut.ac.ir
2
دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
مرتضی
رضایی زاده
mortaza_rezaee@yahoo.com
3
دانشکده علوم تربیتی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
AUTHOR
Anvar
Mohammadi
a.m.stat@gmail.com
4
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
السون، متیو.اچ؛ هرگنهان، بی.آر (2009). مقدمهایی بر نظریههای یادگیری، ترجمه: سیف، علیاکبر (1390). تهران: دوران.
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بازرگان، عباس (1387). مقدمهای بر روشهای کیفی و آمیخته. تهران: دیدار.
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رضاییزاده، مرتضی. انصاری، محسن و مورفی، ایمون. (1392). راهنمای کاربردی روش تحقیق «مدیریت تعاملی» و نرم افزار «الگوسازی ساختاری تفسیری». تهران: جهاد دانشگاهی.
3
محمدی الیاسی، قنبر و مافی، بهاره (1392). شناسایی منابع و روشهای یادگیری کارآفرینان با هدف برنامه ریزی آموزشی برای کارآفرینان نوپا. ماهنامه اجتماعی، اقتصادی، علمی و فرهنگی کار و جامعه شماره 158.
4
Anderson, A. R. & Deakins, D. (1999). Editorial: Entrepreneurial Learning. International Journal of entrepreneurial behavior & Research, 5(13), 110 - 125.
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Argyris, C. & Schon, D. A. (1974). Theory in Practice: Increasing Professional Effectiveness. Jossev Bass, San Francisco.
6
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
7
Blickle, G. (1996). Personality Traits, learning Strategies, and performance. European Journalof Personality, 10, 337–352.
8
Boud, D., Keogh, R., & Walker, D. (1985). Reflection: Turning Experience into Learning. Kogan Page, London.
9
Boyd, E. M., & Fales, A. W. (1983). Reflective learning: Key to learning from experience. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 23, 99-117.
10
Coombs, C. P. (2001). Reflective Practice: Developing Habits of Mind Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62, 1280.
11
Cope, J. (2003). Entrepreneurial Learning and Critical Reflection Discontinuous Events as Triggers for ‘Higher-level’ Learning. Management Learning, 34(4), 429–450.
12
Cope, J. (2005), Toward a Dynamic Learning Perspective of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship, theory and practice, 25, 373-397.
13
Dewey, J. (1933). How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the educative process. D.C. Heath and Company, New York.
14
Dwyer, D.J., Abbott, P. V. & Boyd, N. (2012). First Reflections: Third-year Dentistry Students’ Introduction to Reflective Practice. European Journal of Dental Education, 17(1), 64–69.
15
Holcomb, et al. (2009). Architecture of Entrepreneurial Learning: Exploring the Link among Heuristics, Knowledge, and Action. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(1), 167-192.
16
Holmqvist, M. (2000). the Dynamics of Experiential Learning: Balancing Exploitation and Exploration within and between Organisations. School of Business, Stockholm University, Stockholm.
17
Høyrup .S & Elkjaer, B. (2006). Reflection: Taking it Beyond the Individual, in Productive Reflection at Work Learning for Changing Organizations, Edited by Boud, D, Cressey, P and Docherty, P.
18
Jang, S., & Woo, W. (2005). Unified context representing user-centric context: Who, where, when, what, how and why.
19
Kessler, R. (2006). Competency-based interviews: Career Pr Inc.
20
Kolb, D.A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
21
Loo, K., Thorpe, R. (2002). Using Reflective Learning Journals to Improve Individual and Team Performance. An International Journal, 8(6), 134 – 139.
22
Macfarlane, B. (2001). Developing Reflective students: Evaluating the benefits of Learning Logs within a Business Ethics Programme. Teaching Business Ethics, 5, 375–387.
23
Miles, M., Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded Sourcebook. Second Thousaud oaks: Sage. P.41.
24
Peltier, J. W., A. Hay, & W. Drago. (2005). the Reflective Learning Continuum: Reflecting on Reflection. Journal of Marketing Education, 27 (3), 250-263.
25
Politis, D. (2005). The Process of Entrepreneurial Learning: A Conceptual Framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28, 399-424.
26
Reynolds, M. (1998), Reflection and Critical Reflection in Management Learning. Management Learning, 17, 183-200.
27
Rezaei-Zadeh, M., Hogan, M., O’Reilly, J., Cleary, B., & Murphy, E. (2014). Using Interactive Management to Identify, Rank and Model Entrepreneurial Competencies as Universities’ Entrepreneurship Curricula. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(1), 57-94.
28
Suddaby, R. (2011). Editor’s Comments: Construct Clarity in Theories of Managment and Organization. Academy of Management Review, 35(3),
29
346–357.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Metamorphosis of entrepreneur representation in TV series
Realization of Development requires formation of its cultural and social contexts. In this process, Media have crucial role in changing attitudes in favor of development. In fact, the success of development programs largely depends on the image that media construct from "entrepreneur's" key role in this process. Actually, with mediation of television, entrepreneurial ideas have a big chance to seen by general public and be a part of public culture and business. This paper aims to picture the image of entrepreneur who represented in TV series. To achieve this goal, all TV series which produced and broadcasted in 24 years after Iran-Iraq imposed war searched and finally four TV series with entrepreneurial story line selected and analyzed by narrative analysis Method and thematic analysis as a technic. Results showed, entrepreneur in these series depicted with characteristics like, risk-taking, self-reliance, imagination, perseverance, accuracy, creativity, self-esteem and academic education. Entrepreneurs try to change attitudes to promote the use local and potential talents. They are able to manage resources. Findings also indicated that the representation of entrepreneurship in TV series is metamorphosed over time. Entrepreneurship moved from very ambitious large-scale ideas to small-scale projects and entrepreneurship field shifted from agriculture to industry. Also, analysis showed that, the early TV series represent a favorable condition for entrepreneurship but recent series focused on barriers to entrepreneurship in Iran.
https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_58792_7f45c2aa3f215922c50504d3d3596315.pdf
2016-02-20
689
708
10.22059/jed.2016.58792
Entrepreneur
Representation
TV series
Narrative Analysis
Thematic analysis
زرین
زردار
zarrinzardar88@gmail.com
1
استادیار دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
LEAD_AUTHOR
عبدالرحمان
علیزاده
a.alizadeh@gu.ac.ir
2
استادیار دانشگاه گلستان
AUTHOR
احمدپور داریانی، محمود و مقیمی، سیدمحمد (1390) مبانی کارآفرینی، چاپ دهم، تهران: فراندیش
1
احمدپور داریانی، محمود و ملکی، علی (1390) کارآفرینی پیشرفته، تهران: راهدان
2
احمدپور داریانی، محمود، و عرفانیان، امیر (1386). «نقش و جایگاه کارآفرینی در نیل به رشد و توسعه اقتصادی»، مجله اقتصادی - بررسی مسائل و سیاستهای اقتصادی معاونت امور اقتصادی – وزارت امور اقتصادی و دارایی، سال هفتم، شمارههای 69 و 70، صص 19-1
3
استادزاده، زهرا (1382) «کارآفرینی، توسعه و اشتغال»، رهیافت، شماره 29، صص 80-71
4
بابایی، حبیب؛ آقازاده، هاشم؛ محسنیانراد، مهدی (1392) «توسعه فرهنگ کارآفرینی در مطبوعات ایران»، فصلنامة توسعه کارآفرینی، دوره ششم، شمار دوم، صص 135-154
5
زالی، محمدرضا؛ مدهوشی، مهرداد و کردنائیج، اسدالله (1386) «ارزیابی مشخصههای کارآفرینی دانشجویان دانشگاه مازندران»، فصلنامه مدرس علوم انسانی، ویژهنامه مدیریت، صص 81- 113
6
زعفریان، رضا؛ میرزایی رابر، فاطمه (1390). توسعه مدل نوآوری بنگاه در صنعت بیمه با استفاده از روش نگاشت علّی. فصلنامه مدیریت بازرگانی. دوره سوم. شماره 7. صص. 108-91.
7
زیباکلام، صادق؛ افشاری، داود؛ اصلانزاده، عبدالله (1389). «علل روی کار آمدن آقای خاتمی (دولت اصلاحات 1376): براساس نظریة توسعة نامتوازن ساموئل هانتینگتون». فصلنامة تحقیقات سیاسی و بینالملی. شمارة 3. صص 26-1.
8
سینایی، وحید؛ ابراهیمآبادی، غلامرضا (1384). «کثرتگرایی فرهنگی در عصر جهانی شدن». نامة علوم اجتماعی. شمارة 25. صص 139-107.
9
صمدآقایی، جلیل (1386) کارآفرینی پیشرفته: کارآفرینی در کارآفرینی، تهران، موسسه کار و تامین اجتماعی
10
عمرانی، زهرا؛ حقیقیکفاش، مهدی و مظلومی، نادر (1389) «اولویتبندی عوامل اثرگذار بر کارآفرینی اجتماعی در ایران از دیدگاه فعالان اجتماعی»، فصلنامة توسعه کارآفرینی، دانشکدة کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران، سال دوم، شماره هشتم، صص 36-11
11
فیسک، جان (1380). «فرهنگ تلویزیون». ترجمة مژگان برومند. فصلنامة ارغنون. شمارة 19. صص 142-125.
12
قبازاده، ناصر (1381). روایتی آسیبشناختی از گسست نظام و مردم در دهة دوم انقلاب. تهران: انتشارات فرهنگ گفتمان.
13
کردونی، روزبه؛ فاضلی، نعمتالله (1388). «تحلیل برخی گفتمانهای رفاهی در دوران اصلاحات». فصلنامة رفاه اجتماعی. سال نهم. شمارة 32. صص 64-35).
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کوارتکو، دانلد. اف. و هاجتس، ریچارد. ام. (1389) نگرشی معاصر بر کارآفرینی، ترجمة ابراهیم عامل محرابی و محسن تبرائی، جلد اول، چاپ سوم، مشهد: دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
15
محمدی الیاسی، قنبر (1387) «موضوع کارآفرینی به عنوان یک حوزه علمی»، فصلنامة توسعه کارآفرینی، سال اول، شمارة اول، صص 85-51
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مرکز افکارسنجی و رصد فرهنگی پژوهشگاه فرهنگ، هنر و ارتباطات (1389). گزارش نظرسنجی تلفنی از شهروندان تهرانی در خصوص شبکه نمایش خانگی. http://www.ric.ir/plugins/content/content.php?content.628
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مرکز تحقیقات صدا و سیما (1390). نظرسنجی پیامگیران سیمای جمهوری اسلامی ایران
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مسعودنیا، حسین؛ نجفی، داود (1390). «ارکان سیاست منطقهای ایران در دوران سازندگی با تکیه بر خطبههای نماز جمعة تهران». فصلنامة تحقیقات سیاسی و بینالمللی. شمارة ششم. صص 102-77.
19
مقیمی، سیدمحمد (1381) «کارآفرینی موضوعی میانرشتهای و فراگیر»، ماهنامة بازاریابی، شمارة 22. صص 18 -12.
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مقیمی، سیدمحمد (1384) کارآفرینی در سازمانهای دولتی، تهران: مرکز کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
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مهدی زاده، سیدمحمد (1380). بازنمایی ایران در مطبوعات غرب: تحلیل انتقادی گفتمان (نیویورک تایمز)، (گاردین)، (لوموند) و (دی ولت) 2002 – 1997 م. پایاننامة دکترای علوم ارتباطات. دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
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مهدیزاده، سیدمحمد (1387). رسانهها و بازنمایی. تهران: دفتر مطالعات و توسعة رسانهها
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هال، استوارت (1386). غرب و بقیه؛ گفتمان و قدرت. ترجمة محمود متحد. تهران: نشر آگه.
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هیوارد، سوزان (1381)، مفاهیم کلیدی در مطالعات سینمایی، مترجم: فتاح محمدی، تهران: نشر هزاره سوم
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Anderson, Alistair R.; Warren, Lorraine(2011), “The entrepreneur as hero and jester: Enacting the entrepreneurial discourse”, International Small Business Journal, Vol.29. No.6. Pp. 598-609
26
BBG & Gallup (2012) “BBG Research Series Briefing: Iran Media Use 2012 June 12, 2012”,http://www.bbg.gov/wp-content/media/2012/06/BBG-Iran-ppt.pdf
27
Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006) “Using thematic analysis in psychology”. Qualitative Research in Psychology, Vol,3. No.2. pp. 77-101
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Britanica Encyclopedia (2012)." Mahmoud Ahmadinejad "http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1090612/Mahmoud-Ahmadinejad
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Burch, John G. (1986). "Profiling the Entrepreneur". Business Horizons. vol. 29. No, 5. Pp. 13-16.
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Franzosi, Roberto (2010). Quantitative Narrative Analysis. Sage Publications
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Grossberg, Lawrence; Wartella, Ellen A.; Whitney, Charles D.; Wise, Macgregor J. (2006) Media Making; Mass Media a Popular culture. Second Edition, Sage Publications.
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Guest, Greg; MacQueen, Kathleen M.; Namey, Emily E. (2012) Applied Thematic Analysis, SAGE Publications
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Hall, Stuart (1997). Representation: Cultural Presentations and Signifying Practices. London & New York: Sage Publications.
34
Iyer, Radha(2009), “Entrepreneurial identities and the problematic of subjectivity in media-mediated discourses”, Discourse Society, Vol.20, No.2. Pp.241-263.
35
Johansson, Anders w. (2004). “Narrating the Entreprenuer”, Intrnational Small Business Journal, No.22, Pp.273-293.
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Kuratko, D.F. & Hodgetts, R.M. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Theory/ process/ practice. Mason, OH: South-Western College Publishers
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39
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The impact of Spirituality Leadership in Organizational Entrepreneurship in University of Tehran
With the entry of God and spirituality into areas of organization and management, as the challenge of the twenty-first century, managers and leaders of organizations, especially educational institutions must deal with new phenomena. Therefore the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spirituality leadership and organizational entrepreneurship from view point of staffs in University of Tehran, Iran. The statistical population of the research consisted of all staffs of in the University of Tehran. Using Cochran’s sampling formula, 268 of them were selected as research sample by using of simple random sampling. The main research instrument was an electronic questionnaire. The content validity of instrument was assessed and the reliability tested by Cronach’s Alpha. SPSS and LISREL were used for data analyzing. Results showed that there was positive significant relationship among spirituality leadership and organizational entrepreneurship. In other words, the higher level of spiritual leadership, organizational entrepreneurship has been increased. In addition, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that spiritual leadership has positive impact in organizational entrepreneurship. So pay attention to spirituality can be effective in improving organizational entrepreneurship.
https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_58803_ac06fb5f7a766884022a2c3680c6a5d8.pdf
2016-02-20
709
727
10.22059/jed.2016.58803
Leadership
Spiritual leadership
Spirituality
Entrepreneurial organizations
Tehran University
شیرمراد
مرزبان
shmarzban@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
معصومه
محقق هرچقان
m.mohaghegh.h@ut.ac.ir
2
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد کارآفرینی سازمانی دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
مرتضی
اکبری
mortezaakbari@ut.ac.ir
3
استادیار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
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1
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2
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Fry, L.W, Hannah, S. T., Noel, M., Walumbwa, F. O. (2011). “Impact of spiritual leadership SSSon unit performance”. The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 2, PP: 259–270.
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31
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Designing an Efficient Model of Managers Competency of Science and Technology parks of Iranian public University
The current study aims to examine and identify competency dimensions, factors and Indices for managers of science and technology parks of Iranian public University in order to present of a conceptual model. The targeted population consisted of two parts including experts in the field and managers and experts in science and technology parks. For this purpose, exploratory method was used and data were gathered through quantitative and qualitative approach. Dimensions, factors, and indices were specified by studying literature review and theoretical foundations.Results showed that: Managers Competencies was found to include three dimensions including General Competencies, Interpersonal competencies and Professional competencies. General Competencies dimension consisted of tow factors: Creativity and innovation and Perceptual. Interpersonal competencies dimension consisted of three factors: Leadership, team work and Network. Professional competencies dimension consisted of four factors: Performance Management, Technology Management, Financial Management and Marketing Management.
https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_58807_266603631f502a405a263fc9d4cbbaad.pdf
2016-02-20
729
748
10.22059/jed.2016.58807
Competency
Competency model
Science and Technology parks of Iranian public University
رحمت اله
اللهیاری
ralahyari@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمود
ابوالقاسمی
m-abolghasemi@sbu.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
AUTHOR
محمد
قهرمانی
m-ghahramani@sbu.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
AUTHOR
اباصلت
خراسانی
a-khorasani@sbu.ac.ir
4
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
AUTHOR
ابوالعلایی، بهزاد؛ فخاری، عباس (1384)، مدل شایستگیهای مدیران سازمان گسترش و نوسازی صنایع ایران.
1
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2
بالانتاین، یان؛ پوا، نیگل (1385)، کانون ارزیابی و توسعه مدیران، ترجمه مسعود سلطانی، تهران: انتشارات آسیا.
3
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4
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5
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38
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46
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47
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48
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49
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50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Technological Ent
اگرچه حدود یک دهه از تأسیس پارک های علم و فناوری و کمتر از آن از ایجاد مراکز رشد برای حمایت از کارآفرینان فناور در قالب استقرار شرکت های دانش بنیان سپری شده است، لیکن اطلاعات چندانی از خود کارآفرینان فناور، کارآفرینی فناورانه، کسب و کارهای جدید فناور محور یا همان شرکت های دانش بنیان در کشور وجود ندارد. در این پژوهش عناصر کلیدی موثر بر توسعه کارآفرینی فناورانه در شرکت های دانش بنیان مستقر در پارک های علم و فناوری در سطح ملی مورد بررسی و مطالعه قرار گرفته است. چارچوب نمونه گیری شامل کارآفرینان شاغل در 8 استان کشور (تهران، خراسان رضوی، اصفهان، فارس، آذربایجان شرقی، گیلان، کرمان و یزد) است. روش تحقیق در این مطالعه، روش توصیفی همبستگی است. نهایتا داده ها از 203 کارآفرین فناور فعال و موسس شرکت دانش بنیان جمع آوری و با استفاده از نرم افزارهای اس پی اس اس و تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصله نشان می دهند عناصری نظیر دولت، دانشگاه، سرمایه، زیرساخت، بازار/مشتریان، مشاوران و کارآفرین فناور به عنوان مهمترین عوامل موثر برکارآفرینی فناورانه محسوب می شوند.
https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_58800_eb6a1a1f720088ecde91df873a4e5f69.pdf
2016-02-20
749
766
10.22059/jed.2016.58800
کارآفرینی
کارآفرینی فناورانه
پارک علم و فناوری
شرکت دانش بنیان
قاسم
رمضانپور نرگسی
ghasem_nargesi@yahoo.com
1
استادیار سازمان پژوهش های علمی و صنعتی ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
سمیه
رمضانپور نرگسی
alisre2000@gmail.com
2
دانشجوی دوره دکترای بازاریابی دانشگاه تگزاس
AUTHOR
علی
غفاری
alighafary@ut.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
حسینی مقدم، م.ر، حجازی، س.ر.(1393). تأثیر گرایش کارآفرینانه بر عملکرد بانکها با متغیر میانجی بازارگرایی. دوره 7 شماره 2: 211-229
1
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2
رمضانپور نرگسی، ق، طالقانی، غ، رمضانپور نرگسی، س، غفاری، ع. (1393). ارائه الگوی مناسب توسعه کارآفرینی فناورانه در شرکتهای دانش بنیان مستقر در پارکهای علم و فناوری: رویکرد کیفی، نشریه مدیریت دولتی. دوره 6 شماره 1: 85-108.
3
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13
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14
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16
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17
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19
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20
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21
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22
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25
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33
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34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Organizational Ambidexterity on Strategic Entrepreneurship
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of organizational ambidexterity on strategic entrepreneurship in software companies. Therefore we examined the ambidexterity with two dimensions i.e. exploration and exploitation as an independent variable and strategic entrepreneurship with four dimensions i.e. entrepreneurial mindset, innovation, managing resources strategically and competitive advantage as the dependent variable. The research methodology is based on structural equation modeling. We use a questionnaire with 22 questions that 97 firms answered it. To measure the validity and reliability we used convergent and divergent validity and Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability respectively. Data analysis has performed by using SmartPLS3. The results show that ambidexterity has a positive and significant effect on strategic entrepreneurship. So we can conclude focus on improving ambidexterity can lead to development and promotion of strategic entrepreneurship.
https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_58804_6695a36bfee8b7840555216a31dcedcd.pdf
2016-02-20
767
786
10.22059/jed.2016.58804
Organizational Ambidexterity
Strategic Entrepreneurship
Exploration
Exploitation
Competitive Advantage
سید مصطفی
رضوی
mrazavi@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشیار مدیریت صنعتی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
سلطانعلی
شهریاری
sa_shahriari@yahoo.com
2
استادیار گروه کارآفرینی دانشگاه خوارزمی
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمود
احمدپور داریانی
ahmadpourd@gmail.com
3
دانشیار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Cao, Q., Gedajlovic, E., and Zhang, H. (2009) Unpacking organizational ambidexterity: Dimensions, contingencies, and synergistic effects. Organization Science20(4): 781–796.
1
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2
Chang, Y., Hughes, M., & Hotho, S. (2011),"Internal and external antecedents of SMEs' innovation ambidexterity outcomes", Management Decision, Vol. 49 Iss 10 pp. 1658 – 1676.
3
Gibson, C. B., & Birkinshaw, J. (2004). The antecedents, consequences and mediating role of organizational ambidexterity. Academy of Mang. J., 47: 209-226.
4
Gupta, A. K., Smith, K. G., & Shalley, C. E. 2006. The interplay between exploration and exploitation. Academy of Management Journal, 4: 693-706
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